Carbohydrate digestion and glucose supply in the gut of the ruminant

Sutton, John

doi:10.1079/pns19710047

Cited by 26 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…Small quantities of cellulose have been reported to disappear from the small intestine (Armstrong and Beever, 1969), yet enzymes capable of cleaving cellulose are not produced by the host animal. Similarly, Sutton (1971) noted the disappearance of sucrose and fiber within the small intestine of ruminants, although few or none of the enzymes necessary for these hydrolyses were present.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Possible causes of this depression of starch digestion in the small intestine include: (1) inadequate amylase production and(or)secretion (Karr et al, 1966); (2) a suboptimal pH within the small intestine for amylase activity (Wheeler and Noller, 1977); (3) inadequate maltase activity (Mayes and Orskov, 1974); (4) inadequate glucose absorption (Orskov et al, 1971); (5) structural effects of the starch granule and(or) grain kernel (Sansedt et al, 1968;Harbers, 1975;Galyean et al, 1979b), and (6) an increased rate of passage (Sutton, 1971).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Dietary Corn Starch Intake on Pancreatic Amylase and Intestinal Maltase and pH in Cattle

Russell

Young

Jorgensen

1981

Journal of Animal Science

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The pH optimum of pancreatic alpha-amylase from grain-fed steers was determined to be 6.9, while that of intestinal maltase was established at 5.8. Both assays were found to be linear up to 1 hr of incubation. The V max of pancreatic amylase was determined to be pancreatic amylase was determined to be 1.15 mg of maltose monohydrate produced/hr. Activities of pancreatic and intestinal maltase were not reduced (P greater than .05) during the interval from sample collection from the animal until analysis 4 hr later when tissues were kept on ice. Twenty-four yearling Holstein steers fed either alfalfa hay at a maintenance level of metabolizable energy (ME) intake or corn at one, two or three times the maintenance ME intake level were slaughtered after being fed 106 days. The pancreas was removed alone with sections of the intestine. Specific activity of pancreatic amylase for steers fed the high level of corn was 129% of that for steers fed the alfalfa diet (P greater than .05). Intestinal maltase activity was highest in the jejunum and decreased toward the ileum. Increasing dietary starch intake resulted in no response (P greater than .05) in maltase activity at 10, 30, 50, 70, or 90% of the small intestine length. The effect of dietary starch level on dieesta pH was dependent on sampling location within the small intestine. There were no dietary effects (P greater than .05) on digesta pH for the first 10% segment of intestine distal to the pylorus. However, in all subsequent sections, digesta pH was higher steers fed the alfalfa diet than for those fed the two higher levels of grain. A calculation for estimating th amount of pancreatic amylase needed to hydrolyze starch presented to small intestine is discussed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Dietary Corn Starch Intake on Pancreatic Amylase and Intestinal Maltase and pH in Cattle

Russell

Young

Jorgensen

1981

Journal of Animal Science

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“…Fecal pH may be used to compare the magnitude of lower gut fermentation among nutritional treatments (Ireland‐Perry and Stallings, 1993). Considerable lower gut fermentation can occur when high‐starch diets are fed, leading to the ruminal escape of partially hydrolyzed and intact starch (Sutton, 1971). Thus, the comparable fecal pH suggests a comparable hind gut fermentation of dietary NFC between the treatments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wheat grain as a prepartal cereal choice to ease metabolic transition from gestation into lactation in Holstein cows

Amanlou

Zahmatkesh

Nikkhah

2008

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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Wheat grain (WG) is a unique cereal rich in easily fermentable starch and low in cation-anion difference (e.g. 5.3 mEq/100 g). The controlled prepartal dietary inclusion of WG, thus, has the potential to ease adapting the rumen microbes and papillae to the high-starch lactation diets, stimulate feed intake, reduce hypocalcaemia by reducing extracellular alkalinity and a moderate induction of bone resorption, and improve milk yield in periparturient cows. The primary objective was to determine the effects of prepartal feeding of WG compared to barley grain plus wheat bran on metabolic and productive criteria in periparturient Holstein cows. Twenty-four dry cows and 16 pregnant heifers were blocked based on parity and projected calving date and fed a prepartal diet containing either (i) ground WG (18% on a dry matter basis) or (ii) a conventional diet with ground barley grain and wheat bran or control diet, from 28-day prepartum until parturition. All cows were fed the control diet during 21-day postpartum. Prepartal dietary inclusion of WG increased prepartum feed intake, elevated blood glucose and attenuated hypocalcaemia at 7-day prepartum and 1-day postpartum, reduced urine pH, and increased milk fat percent and yield. Blood proteins at 7-day prepartum were higher and placenta tended to be expelled sooner in WG-fed cows than in other cows. Treatments did not affect milk protein, changes in body condition score; total time spent eating, ruminating and chewing; blood levels of urea nitrogen, cholesterol, and phosphorous, fecal pH, and calving difficulty. Therefore, the prepartal dietary use of WG proved effective in the simultaneous improvement of calcium and energy states, and thereby, in easing the metabolic transition from gestation into lactation in Holstein cows.

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“…These ruminants ferment almost all dietary carbohydrate to volatile fatty acids in the rumen and therefore little or no carbohydrate reaches the small intestine. 19 As an adaptation to this metabolic circumstance, SGLT1 expression in the sheep small bowel is negligible. However, infusion of D-glucose into the sheep duodenum leads to a 50-fold increase in SGLT1 expression within 3 hours.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Upregulation of Sodium-Glucose Transporter SGLT1 in Response to Intestinal Sweet Taste Stimulation

Stearns¹,

Balakrishnan²,

Rhoads³

et al. 2010

Annals of Surgery

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Objective-We set out to examine the short-term regulation of the intestinal sodium/glucose cotransporter SGLT1 by its substrate glucose and sweet taste analogs.Summary Background Data-Intestinal SGLT1 is a putative target for antidiabetic therapy; however, its physiological regulation is incompletely understood, limiting its application as a pharmacological target. While it is clearly regulated by dietary composition over a period of days, its short-term regulation by nutrients is unknown.Methods-Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized, and the duodenum cannulated. D-glucose, Dfructose, saccharin, D-mannitol, and water were infused for 3 hours, before harvest of proximal jejunum for SGLT1 analysis with Western blotting and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In further experiments, the receptor region was identified by D-glucose infusion of isolated regions. Lastly, the vagus was de-afferented with capsaicin, and 5HT3-receptor activation of vagal afferents inhibited using ondansetron, before repeating experiments using water or D-glucose infusion.

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Carbohydrate digestion and glucose supply in the gut of the ruminant

Cited by 26 publications

References 20 publications

Effect of Dietary Corn Starch Intake on Pancreatic Amylase and Intestinal Maltase and pH in Cattle

Effect of Dietary Corn Starch Intake on Pancreatic Amylase and Intestinal Maltase and pH in Cattle

Wheat grain as a prepartal cereal choice to ease metabolic transition from gestation into lactation in Holstein cows

Rapid Upregulation of Sodium-Glucose Transporter SGLT1 in Response to Intestinal Sweet Taste Stimulation

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