The Microbial Community Structure of Drinking Water Biofilms Can Be Affected by Phosphorus Availability

Keinänen, Minna M.; Korhonen, Lauri; Lehtola, Markku J.; Miettinen, Ilkka T.; Martikainen, Pertti J.; Vartiainen, Terttu; Suutari, Merja

doi:10.1128/aem.68.1.434-439.2002

Cited by 60 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…This bacterial pathogen has been isolated from waterdiluted antiseptic solutions (369). Levels of sodium and phos- phate in hospital water plumbing systems should be monitored, as phosphate has been reported to alter the microbial communities in the human water supply (172). Clinical S. maltophilia isolates have been observed to form more biofilms at 32°C than at 37°C and 18°C (90).…”

Section: Molecular Mechanisms Involved In Pathogenesis Biofilmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: an Emerging Global Opportunistic Pathogen

2012

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SUMMARY Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an emerging multidrug-resistant global opportunistic pathogen. The increasing incidence of nosocomial and community-acquired S. maltophilia infections is of particular concern for immunocompromised individuals, as this bacterial pathogen is associated with a significant fatality/case ratio. S. maltophilia is an environmental bacterium found in aqueous habitats, including plant rhizospheres, animals, foods, and water sources. Infections of S. maltophilia can occur in a range of organs and tissues; the organism is commonly found in respiratory tract infections. This review summarizes the current literature and presents S. maltophilia as an organism with various molecular mechanisms used for colonization and infection. S. maltophilia can be recovered from polymicrobial infections, most notably from the respiratory tract of cystic fibrosis patients, as a cocolonizer with Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Recent evidence of cell-cell communication between these pathogens has implications for the development of novel pharmacological therapies. Animal models of S. maltophilia infection have provided useful information about the type of host immune response induced by this opportunistic pathogen. Current and emerging treatments for patients infected with S. maltophilia are discussed.

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Section: Molecular Mechanisms Involved In Pathogenesis Biofilmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: an Emerging Global Opportunistic Pathogen

2012

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“…To investigate the magnitude of the error introduced by not using the proper PLFA signature, we repeated the fitting procedure with the PLFA composition from drinking water (Keinänen et al 2002). The PLFA signature differed from that in Table 3 by containing less branched fatty acids and more 18:1ω7c.…”

Section: Group Abundancementioning

confidence: 99%

Phospholipid-derived fatty acids as chemotaxonomic markers for phytoplankton: application for inferring phytoplankton composition

Dijkman¹,

Kromkamp²

2006

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

127

136

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Phospholipid-derived fatty acids (PLFA) are widely used as chemotaxonomic markers in microbial ecology. In this paper we explore the use of PLFA as chemotaxonomic markers for phytoplankton species. The PLFA composition was determined for 23 species relevant to estuarine phytoplankton. The taxonomic groups investigated were Chlorophyceae, Trebouxiophyceae, Prasinophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Dinophyceae, Cryptophyceae, Rhodophyceae, Pavlovophyceae and Prymnesiophyceae. Most of these taxonomic groups have a characteristic PLFA composition, although a few contain truly unique PLFA biomarkers. The PLFA composition was used to derive species composition and abundance of the phytoplankton in the Scheldt estuary (border region between Belgium and the Netherlands) in April, July and October 2003, using the matrix factorization program CHEMTAX. The results agree well with results from HPLC-derived pigment analysis of the same samples. The advantages of using PLFA instead of pigments, or rather in addition to pigments, are that (1) information on bacteria can be derived in addition to information on photosynthetic taxa, (2) in some cases more or different taxa can be distinguished and (3) the isotopic composition of PLFA can be measured relatively easily, allowing the measurement of group-specific primary production.KEY WORDS: Phytoplankton composition · Phospholipid-derived fatty acids · PLFA · Scheldt estuary · Biomarkers · CHEMTAX Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 324: [113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125] 2006 microscopic enumerations require a trained microscopist and are time-consuming. Furthermore, in most cases, the algae have to be stored and therefore fixed before analysis and not all taxa withstand fixation well (Gieskes & Kraay 1983). Often, cell numbers are difficult to compare due to large differences in cell size and volume and cell numbers have to be converted to biovolume (e.g. Hillebrand et al. 1999) or carbon (Menden-Deuer & Lessard 2000), a tedious procedure.The use of chemotaxonomic markers provides an alternative method for determining phytoplankton composition. Photosynthetic pigments are the best known chemotaxonomic markers for phytoplankton. As HPLC technology advances, more and more pigments can be routinely measured, allowing an increasing number of taxa to be distinguished (e.g. Zapata et al. 2004, Jeffrey & Wright 2006. In recent years, several studies have compared cell numbers and pigments, and in general a good agreement is found between these 2 methods both in freshwater and marine ecosystems (e.g. Garibotti et al. 2003, Marinho & Rodrigues 2003. Even groups lacking specific pigments can be detected with the help of pigment ratios using matrix factorization programs such as CHEMTAX (Mackey et al. 1996, Schlüter & Møh-lenberg 2003.Bacteria are also an important constituent of aquatic ecosystems. Suitable pigment biomarkers are lacking for bacteria, and phospholipid-derived fatty acids (PLF...

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“…For bacterial biofilm production, phosphorus is an important nutrient (Keinänen et al, 2002;Lehtola et al, 2004). We tested the hypothesis that sodium phosphate added to media increases cell growth and biofilm formation in this pathogen.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Environmental biofilms formed by this organism, in sites such as the water lines for livestock, likely are also altered by sodium-phosphate availability. For the human water supply, account of the interaction of phosphate and biofilm formation should be taken as the water supply alters its microbial communities as a function of the phosphate present (Keinänen et al, 2002).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofilm production of clinical isolates ofStenotrophomonas maltophilia altered by sodium phosphate buffer supplementation of the medium

Brooke

2007

Ann. Microbiol.

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Biofilm plays an important role in the pathogenicity of the bacterium Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. When sodium phosphate buffer (SPB) supplemented the Luria-Bertani media of 11 clinical isolates of this bacterium, mean growth at 30 h was little changed compared to non-supplemented controls in 45% of the isolates, decreasing by 4%. Increase in mean biofilm formation in that low growth change sub-sample was statistically significant (t = 5.0, df 4, p < 0.008). For a further 36% of isolates, growth at 30 h with SPB supplementation was decreased by 8.5% of controls. Decrease in biofilm formation was seen in that sub-sample compared to controls (t = 4.0, df 3, p < 0.03). The significant phenotypical variety of the clinical presentation of this pathogen may allow population adaptability to varying metabolic provision, improving its pathogenicity.Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a significant world-wide emerging opportunistic pathogen that forms biofilm on patient implants and equipment (Vo et al., 2005), is associated with a broad range of human infections and disorders (Denton and Kerr, 1998) and has a significant casefatality ratio (Denton and Kerr, 1998;Wang et al., 2004). For bacterial biofilm production, phosphorus is an important nutrient (Keinänen et al., 2002;Lehtola et al., 2004). We tested the hypothesis that sodium phosphate added to media increases cell growth and biofilm formation in this pathogen.In the first experimental series that had triplicate replications we added 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer (SPB, pH 7.0) to Luria-Bertani (LB) medium. This was expected to increase the buffering of the modified media, as occurs with MOPS (Neidhardt et al., 1974), and provide additional phosphate for bacterial metabolism. In a further experiment, we added 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) to the bacterial isolates without the LB medium.Eleven Stenotrophomonas maltophilia clinical isolates obtained from human upper respiratory tract, peritoneal fluid, and blood were maintained on LB Lennox agar plates/broth medium at 37 °C. Isolate identity was confirmed using an API 20 NE identification kit (Biomerieux).In the first experiment, three independent biofilm determinations were made on each of the 11 isolates. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Falcon plastic 96-well plates (Becton Dickinson) were used to detect biofilm production (Watnick and Kolter, 1999). Twenty microliters of each 16-18 h culture were inoculated into microtiter plate wells containing 180 µl of LB medium or LB medium supplemented with 0.1 M SPB (pH 7.0). Control wells in the assay contained LB medium only (or LB medium supplemented with SPB, but no bacterial culture) and no cells. In the second experiment, 20 µl of each culture were inoculated into the microtiter plate wells containing 0.1 M SPB alone. Plates were covered with parafilm and incubated stationary at 37°C for 27 h. Non-adherent cells in the wells were removed and the remaining adhered cells were stained with 1% (w/v) crystal violet for 10 min at room temperature. The wells were rinsed four tim...

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The Microbial Community Structure of Drinking Water Biofilms Can Be Affected by Phosphorus Availability

Cited by 60 publications

References 46 publications

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: an Emerging Global Opportunistic Pathogen

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: an Emerging Global Opportunistic Pathogen

Phospholipid-derived fatty acids as chemotaxonomic markers for phytoplankton: application for inferring phytoplankton composition

Biofilm production of clinical isolates ofStenotrophomonas maltophilia altered by sodium phosphate buffer supplementation of the medium

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