Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: an Emerging Global Opportunistic Pathogen

Brooke, Joanna S.

doi:10.1128/cmr.00019-11

Cited by 1,066 publications

(1,089 citation statements)

References 361 publications

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“…Stenotrophomonas being the predominant genus is of note since this highly antibiotic resistant bacteria is also a potential emerging opportunistic pathogen. 50,51 Stenotrophomonas infections have been associated with poor prognosis for cystic fibrosis treatment. 52 We found that concurrent treatment with antibiotics and probiotics lead to an increase in microbial diversity, albeit a small percentage and not statistically significant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of probiotic supplements on microbiome diversity following antibiotic treatment of mice

2016

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Shifts in microbial populations of the intestinal tract have been associated with a multitude of nutritional, autoimmune, and infectious diseases. The limited diversity following antibiotic treatments creates a window for opportunistic pathogens, diarrhea, and inflammation as the microbiome repopulates. Depending on the antibiotics used, microbial diversity can take weeks to months to recover. To alleviate this loss of diversity in the intestinal microbiota, supplementation with probiotics has become increasingly popular. However, our understanding of the purported health benefits of these probiotic bacteria and their ability to shape the microbiome is significantly lacking. This study examined the impact of probiotics concurrent with antibiotic treatment or during the recovery phase following antibiotic treatment of mice. We found that probiotics did not appear to colonize the intestine themselves or shift the overall diversity of the intestinal microbiota. However, the probiotic supplementation did significantly change the types of bacteria which were present. In particular, during the recovery phase the probiotic caused a suppression of Enterobacteriaceae outgrowth (Shigella and Escherichia) while promoting a blooming of Firmicutes, particularly from the Anaerotruncus genus. These results indicate that probiotics have a significant capacity to remodel the microbiome of an individual recovering from antibiotic therapy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of probiotic supplements on microbiome diversity following antibiotic treatment of mice

2016

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“…This multidrug-resistant gram-negative pathogen has been increasing in health-care and CA infections in patients without CF and most commonly causes respiratory tract infections. 34 S maltophilia can be found in water sources in both health-care and nonhealth-care settings, including sink drains, sponges, and faucets. 35 These observations suggest that, like MRSA, the epidemiology of S maltophilia in people with CF is similar to that of those without CF.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing Epidemiology of the Respiratory Bacteriology of Patients With Cystic Fibrosis

Salsgiver

Fink

Knapp

et al. 2016

Chest

196

160

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“…S. maltophila are gram-negative bacteria often found in soil, water, and plants. They are opportunistic pathogens, becoming increasingly more virulent, especially in hospitalized patients, and is associated with mortality rates of 14-69% in patients with bacteremia [33].…”

Section: Retail Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterobacteriaceae and Coliforms Isolated on Farm, Packaged and Loose Vegetables in Kentucky

Topè¹,

Hitter²,

Patel³

2016

J Food Microbiol Saf Hyg

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Fresh produce normally carry epiphytic microorganisms; however, it can be contaminated with pathogenic bacteria. Categorized as 'ready-to-eat', most vegetables are consumed raw, thus, may present a food safety risk. Over the last three decades, global consumption of fresh vegetables has increased considerably, and the market has expanded by more than 20%. Concomitantly, the number of outbreaks involving fresh vegetables has increased significantly. Enterobacteriaceae members are involved in most of the bacterial outbreaks linked to fresh produce. There is a worldwide concern about the increased use of antimicrobials in agriculture. Antimicrobial resistant bacteria enter the food chain from the farm, often due to the use of animal manure. In the current study, the presence of entero-coliform bacteria and their antimicrobial susceptibilities in fresh vegetables sampled from small farms to retail was evaluated. Samples of vegetables were (i) collected directly from small farms from central Kentucky (n=59) and (ii) from four supermarkets in Frankfort, KY including loose and pre-packaged produce (n=72), analyzed for isolation of entero-coliform species. Members of the Enterobacteriaceae were detected on 25% of farm and 40% of retail produce, respectively. Approximately, 61% of the packaged produce and 19.4% of the loose produce had entero-bacterial presence, respectively. Their resistance to fourteen common antimicrobials was tested using Kirby-Bauer method. Approximately, 63% of isolates from farm and 70% of isolates from retail produce displayed resistance to at least three antimicrobial agents, while 18% of the isolates from farm and 41% from retail samples displayed resistance to at least ten antimicrobial agents. We conclude that 'ready-to-eat' fresh vegetables can be a source of exposure to pathogens with multiple drug resistance (MDR), defined as resistance to at-least three antimicrobial agents, leading to greater risks in immunocompromised individuals, and may serve as reservoirs for resistance gene transfers in human colon.

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Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: an Emerging Global Opportunistic Pathogen

Cited by 1,066 publications

References 361 publications

Impact of probiotic supplements on microbiome diversity following antibiotic treatment of mice

Impact of probiotic supplements on microbiome diversity following antibiotic treatment of mice

Changing Epidemiology of the Respiratory Bacteriology of Patients With Cystic Fibrosis

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterobacteriaceae and Coliforms Isolated on Farm, Packaged and Loose Vegetables in Kentucky

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