The microbial community size, structure, and process rates along natural gradients of soil salinity

Rath, Kristin; Murphy, Daniel V.; Rousk, Johannes

doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2019.107607

Cited by 68 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The extremely low contribution of ergosterol to MBC (Djajakirana et al, 1996;Joergensen and Wichern, 2008) indicates that the concentration of saprotrophic fungi is probably very low in the current paddy soils. Other studies also showed fungal growth rates are less sensitive to salinity than bacterial growth rates after application of fresh substrate (Rath et al, 2016(Rath et al, , 2019Dang et al, 2019). This might be different for the contribution of fungal residues to SOC under saline conditions (Khan et al, 2016) as the biomass of many soil fungi declines when exposed to salinity (Sardinha et al, 2003).…”

Section: Distinct Microbial Response Of Different Soils Indicate Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Amendments Alleviate Salinity Effects on Soil Microorganisms and Mineralisation Processes in Aerobic and Anaerobic Paddy Rice Soils

Wichern

Islam

Hemkemeyer

et al. 2020

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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Sea-water level rise leads to increased saltwater intrusion causing soil salinity on arable land with negative effects on soil microbial processes. Organic amendments are known to reduce the effects of salinity on soil microorganisms, therefore positively influencing microbial activity and nutrient cycling. However, the extent of this effect in paddy rice soils under aerobic compared to anaerobic conditions is unknown. Consequently, benefits of organic matter addition on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) mineralisation under saline conditions were evaluated in a short-term laboratory incubation experiment. Two soils from Bangladesh were incubated with rice straw, manure or a manure-rice straw mixture at 50 and 100% water holding capacity (25 • C, 27 days). In addition, NaCl was added to half of the samples, which resulted in a set of non-saline (EC e = 1.1-1.3 dS m −1 ) and saline (EC e = 24.0-32.4 dS m −1 ) soils. Soil respiration (CO 2 -release) was measured throughout the experiment. At the end of the experiment, dissolved organic C, inorganic N, microbial biomass as well as bacterial, archaeal, and fungal domains were determined. Overall, effects of substrate addition overruled effects caused by salinity and water content. Microbial activity and biomass in particular fungi increased most strongly after rice straw addition and resulted in N immobilisation independent of moisture level. Rice straw and manure alleviated the effects of salinity on microorganisms; these were therefore mainly detectable in the non-amended soils. The reason for this is likely a higher C availability for soil microorganisms after amendment of organic materials, which allows them to produce osmolytes, counteracting the osmotic effects of increased salinity. However, the microbial communities of the two soils under investigation showed different response patterns to salinity reflected by a substantially higher fungi-bacteria ratio in soil B prone to salinity at 50% WHC as compared to soil A. Likewise, the metabolic quotient Wichern et al. Salinity Alleviation and Soil Microorganismswas higher in soil B and not affected by any of the short term treatments, revealing a soil legacy. Our results highlight the importance of organic amendments, such as rice straw to paddy soils under saline conditions to reduce negative effects on soil microbial processes, allowing them to maintain their major functions.

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Section: Distinct Microbial Response Of Different Soils Indicate Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Amendments Alleviate Salinity Effects on Soil Microorganisms and Mineralisation Processes in Aerobic and Anaerobic Paddy Rice Soils

Wichern

Islam

Hemkemeyer

et al. 2020

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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“…Recent research using 'omics' tools have improved our understanding of the general response of microbiomes to multiple influences in natural and agricultural ecosystems (Delgado-Baquerizo et al 2018); however, the specific drivers for microbial community change in relation to pathogen dynamics, plant-microbe interactions and consequences to disease suppression are yet to be fully resolved (Penton et al 2014;Delgado-Baquerizo et al 2020). It is highly likely in this soil also that edaphic factors such as the high pH and salt and carbonate toxicity will influence diversity and function of organisms (Wakelin et al 2008;Rath et al 2019), but currently there appears to be limited evidence as to the effects of these specific edaphic factors on potential for suppression of soil-borne root disease (Höper et al 1995;Senechkin et al 2014).…”

Section: Availability Of Labile C Is a Major Biotic Constraint For Dimentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential for suppression of Rhizoctonia root rot is influenced by nutrient (N and P) and carbon inputs in a highly calcareous coarse-textured topsoil

et al. 2021

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Bioassays were undertaken in a controlled environment to assess whether the potential for suppression of Rhizoctonia root rot of wheat, in a highly calcareous topsoil, was positively influenced by nutrient (nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P)) addition and whether any disease suppression response to augmented nutrition was affected by the addition of carbon (C), either as a readily available C source (sucrose) or as wheat stubble. The soil was P deficient, which limited plant growth, populations of putatively beneficial soil microorganisms, and microbial activity and diversity. This ultimately reduced potential for suppression of Rhizoctonia solani AG8. Addition of fertiliser P to the soil increased R. solani AG8 DNA and percent root infection but not the effectiveness of the pathogen. A positive effect of P fertiliser on plant growth partially compensated for the negative effect of increased root infection. Addition of P increased DNA for Microbacterium spp. where labile C had been added and in the presence of plant roots. Stubble addition alone, after 6 weeks of incubation, increased DNA for Pantoea agglomerans, Trichoderma A and Microbacterium spp. although differences in microbial activity and diversity between stubble treatments were only detected after the bioassay had commenced and P was added. Fertiliser P addition to stubble-amended soil resulted in less Rhizoctonia infection compared with that in soil without P or stubble addition. Effectiveness of R. solani AG8 was decreased by 50% with stubble amendment. The application of N alone did not have a marked effect on plant growth or potential for suppression of Rhizoctonia root disease. Agronomic management practices that affect quantity and lability of C input to soil, when combined with strategic P fertiliser decisions, are likely to improve the potential for development of suppression of Rhizoctonia root rot disease in cereal crops on alkaline and highly calcareous soils.

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“…In contrast with biochar, although organic matter and available nutrients were added to the soil with lignite-based amendment, a large number of salts are also applied to the soil simultaneously (Figure 1). Both bacterial growth and decomposition are directly inhibited by high salt concentrations, so that soil respiration is constrained (Rath et al, 2019). The addition of lignite-based amendment significantly reduced the microbial abundance in most cases and inhibited the ability of microorganisms to utilize C sources, thereby reducing the soil CO 2 efflux.…”

Section: Influence Of Organic Amendments On Greenhouse Gas Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of biochar and lignite‐based amendments on microbial communities and greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural soil

Xiong

et al. 2021

Vadose Zone Journal

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Understanding the responses of the microbial community and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to the incorporation of different organic amendments is essential for their proper utilization. In this study, laboratory-incubated microcosm experiments were conducted to investigate the short-term effects of pine-wood biochar and lignitebased amendment on the microbial communities and GHG emissions from agricultural soil. Soils amended at five different application rates were incubated for 19 d under the conditions of 60% water-filled pore space and 25˚C. Microbial biomass in the amended soil after incubation was measured by the solid colony counting method, and the soil microbial diversity was assayed using a Biolog EcoPlate. The biochar and lignite-based amendment had distinct effects on the soil microbial communities and GHG emissions. The microbial community growth and utilization of C sources were improved by the biochar but restrained by the lignite-based amendment in most cases. The biochar and lignite-based amendment had a minor impact on methane emissions. Carbon dioxide emissions were promoted by the biochar and inhibited by the lignite-based amendment during the short-term incubation period. Nitrous oxide emissions decreased with the application rate of biochar but increased with the rate of lignite-based amendment. The addition of biochar at a rate of 3-4% and lignite-based amendment at a rate of <1% has the potential to improve soil quality. Salt leaching is required to avoid accumulation when the biochar and lignite-based amendments are applied. The findings can provide a reference for the application of biochar and lignite-based amendment in silt loam soil.

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The microbial community size, structure, and process rates along natural gradients of soil salinity

Cited by 68 publications

References 54 publications

Organic Amendments Alleviate Salinity Effects on Soil Microorganisms and Mineralisation Processes in Aerobic and Anaerobic Paddy Rice Soils

Organic Amendments Alleviate Salinity Effects on Soil Microorganisms and Mineralisation Processes in Aerobic and Anaerobic Paddy Rice Soils

Potential for suppression of Rhizoctonia root rot is influenced by nutrient (N and P) and carbon inputs in a highly calcareous coarse-textured topsoil

Impact of biochar and lignite‐based amendments on microbial communities and greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural soil

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