The methyl viologen-resistance-encoding gene smvA of Salmonella typhimurium

Hongo, Etsuko; Morimyo, Mitsuoki; Mita, Kensuke; Machida, Isamu; Hama-Inaba, Hiroko; Tsuji, Hidetaka; Ichimura, Sachiko; Noda, Yoichi

doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90255-0

Cited by 29 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The superoxide dismutase gene sodA was downregulated in both lettuce and cilantro. However, the transcription level of ahpF, which has a role in the detoxification of hydroperoxides, increased in lettuce, as was also reported for D. dadantii during soft rot of African violet (27), whereas smvA, which confers resistance to methyl viologen, a strong generator of superoxide radicals (53), showed increased expression levels in macerated cilantro. Also of note is the increased expression level of ycfR, which codes for a regulator involved in multiple-stress resistance, including oxidative stress (54), and which was upregulated in E. coli O157:H7 in shredded lettuce, as reported in our previous study (6).…”

Section: Transcriptome Of S Enterica In Soft Rot Lesions (I) Globalsupporting

confidence: 72%

The Salmonella Transcriptome in Lettuce and Cilantro Soft Rot Reveals a Niche Overlap with the Animal Host Intestine

Goudeau

Parker

Zhou

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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bFresh vegetables have been recurrently associated with salmonellosis outbreaks, and Salmonella contamination of retail produce has been correlated positively with the presence of soft rot disease. We observed that population sizes of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium SL1344 increased 56-fold when inoculated alone onto cilantro leaves, versus 2,884-fold when coinoculated with Dickeya dadantii, a prevalent pathogen that macerates plant tissue. A similar trend in S. enterica populations was observed for soft-rotted lettuce leaves. Transcriptome analysis of S. enterica cells that colonized D. dadantii-infected lettuce and cilantro leaves revealed a clear shift toward anaerobic metabolism and catabolism of substrates that are available due to the degradation of plant cells by the pectinolytic pathogen. Twenty-nine percent of the genes that were upregulated in cilantro macerates were also previously observed to have increased expression levels in the chicken intestine. Furthermore, multiple genes induced in soft rot lesions are also involved in the colonization of mouse, pig, and bovine models of host infection. Among those genes, the operons for ethanolamine and propanediol utilization as well as for the synthesis of cobalamin, a cofactor in these pathways, were the most highly upregulated genes in lettuce and cilantro lesions. In S. Typhimurium strain LT2, population sizes of mutants deficient in propanediol utilization or cobalamin synthesis were 10-and 3-fold lower, respectively, than those of the wildtype strain in macerated cilantro (P < 0.0002); in strain SL1344, such mutants behaved similarly to the parental strain. Anaerobic conditions and the utilization of nutrients in macerated plant tissue that are also present in the animal intestine indicate a niche overlap that may explain the high level of adaptation of S. enterica to soft rot lesions, a common postharvest plant disease.T he association of food-borne illness with contaminated produce has prompted numerous investigations into the ability of human enteric pathogens to attach to and survive on fresh fruits and vegetables. Since enteric pathogens are unlikely to land on plants at high densities, it still remains unclear how they achieve the population sizes required to cause human illness at infectious doses in that habitat. Therefore, the factors that drive the growth of enteric pathogens on plants still need to be explored. We have previously demonstrated that Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli serovar O157:H7 can multiply in the cilantro and lettuce phyllosphere under optimal conditions of warm temperatures and free water on the leaves (1, 2). Based on our observations that enteric pathogens appear less fit in the phyllosphere than plant-associated bacterial species, even under optimal growth conditions (2), and that their growth on middle-aged lettuce leaves is limited by nitrogen availability (1), we hypothesized that these human pathogens have not evolved to utilize the full range of nutrients present on leaf surfaces (3). The occurrenc...

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Section: Transcriptome Of S Enterica In Soft Rot Lesions (I) Globalsupporting

confidence: 72%

The Salmonella Transcriptome in Lettuce and Cilantro Soft Rot Reveals a Niche Overlap with the Animal Host Intestine

Goudeau

Parker

Zhou

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Another MFS family called DHA2 or DHA14, for drug-proton antiporter with 14 transmembrane domains represents a family related to DHA1 and closely related to each other [ 215 ]. Well studied members of this family include the multidrug efflux pump systems Atr1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae [ 222 ], EmrB from E. coli [ 223 ], QacA from S. aureus [ 97 ], SmvA from Salmonella enterica , serovar Typhimurium [ 224 ], VceAB from V. cholerae [ 180 ], SdrM from S. aureus [ 155 ], MdeA from S. aureus [ 113 ], and the single-drug efflux pumps for tetracycline TetA(L) from B. subtilis [ 225 ] and TetA(K) from S. aureus [ 226 ]. Interestingly, single-drug efflux pumps of the MFS showed homology to multi-drug efflux pumps, predicting that subtle sequence variations in these pumps confer major differences in function, such as substrate number [ 208 ].…”

Section: Evolution Of Drug and Multidrug Efflux Pumpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidrug Efflux Pumps from Enterobacteriaceae, Vibrio cholerae and Staphylococcus aureus Bacterial Food Pathogens

Andersen

Kakarla

et al. 2015

IJERPH

135

106

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Foodborne illnesses caused by bacterial microorganisms are common worldwide and constitute a serious public health concern. In particular, microorganisms belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae and Vibrionaceae families of Gram-negative bacteria, and to the Staphylococcus genus of Gram-positive bacteria are important causative agents of food poisoning and infection in the gastrointestinal tract of humans. Recently, variants of these bacteria have developed resistance to medically important chemotherapeutic agents. Multidrug resistant Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Vibrio cholerae, Enterobacter spp., and Staphylococcus aureus are becoming increasingly recalcitrant to clinical treatment in human patients. Of the various bacterial resistance mechanisms against antimicrobial agents, multidrug efflux pumps comprise a major cause of multiple drug resistance. These multidrug efflux pump systems reside in the biological membrane of the bacteria and actively extrude antimicrobial agents from bacterial cells. This review article summarizes the evolution of these bacterial drug efflux pump systems from a molecular biological standpoint and provides a framework for future work aimed at reducing the conditions that foster dissemination of these multidrug resistant causative agents through human populations.

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“…Genes demonstrated to confer ionic liquid (IL) tolerance, including Enterobacter lignolyticus eilA (locus tag Entcl_2352) (13), E. coli K-12 sugE (locus tag b4148) and emrE (locus tag b0543) (38, 39), Salmonella enterica smvA (locus tag STM1574) (40, 41), and Bacillus cereus ykkC and ykkD (21), were downloaded, from the NCBI website (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/). The predicted genes were searched against the downloaded IL tolerance genes using BLASTP with the E value cutoff set to 1e-5.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Liquids Impact the Bioenergy Feedstock-Degrading Microbiome and Transcription of Enzymes Relevant to Polysaccharide Hydrolysis

Higgins

et al. 2016

mSystems

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Pretreatment using ionic liquids (IL) is a promising approach for the conversion of lignocellulose to biofuels. Because IL can be inhibitory to enzymes and microorganisms involved in downstream hydrolysis and fermentation steps, discovery of IL-tolerant organisms and enzymes is critical for advancing this technology. Employing metatranscriptomics in the analysis of IL-enriched cultures facilitated tracking of dynamic changes in a complex microbial community at the level of gene transcription and doing so with genome resolution. Specific organisms were discovered that could simultaneously tolerate a moderate IL concentration and transcribe a diverse array of cellulolytic enzymes. Gene sequences of cellulolytic enzymes and efflux pumps from those same organisms were also identified, providing important resources for future research on engineering IL-tolerant organisms and enzymes.

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The methyl viologen-resistance-encoding gene smvA of Salmonella typhimurium

Cited by 29 publications

References 6 publications

The Salmonella Transcriptome in Lettuce and Cilantro Soft Rot Reveals a Niche Overlap with the Animal Host Intestine

The Salmonella Transcriptome in Lettuce and Cilantro Soft Rot Reveals a Niche Overlap with the Animal Host Intestine

Multidrug Efflux Pumps from Enterobacteriaceae, Vibrio cholerae and Staphylococcus aureus Bacterial Food Pathogens

Ionic Liquids Impact the Bioenergy Feedstock-Degrading Microbiome and Transcription of Enzymes Relevant to Polysaccharide Hydrolysis

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