The Metabolizable Energy of Dietary Resistant Maltodextrin Is Variable and Alters Fecal Microbiota Composition in Adult Men

Abstract

Resistant maltodextrin (RM) is a novel soluble, nonviscous dietary fiber. Its metabolizable energy (ME) and net energy (NE) values derived from nutrient balance studies are unknown, as is the effect of RM on fecal microbiota. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover study was conducted (n = 14 men) to determine the ME and NE of RM and its influence on fecal excretion of macronutrients and microbiota. Participants were assigned to a sequence consisting of 3 treatment periods [24 d each: 0 g/d RM + 50 g/d maltodextrin and 2 amounts of dietary RM (25 g/d RM + 25 g of maltodextrin/d and 50 g/d RM + 0 g/d maltodextrin)] and were provided all the foods they were to consume to maintain their body weight. After an adaptation period, excreta were collected during a 7-d period. After the collection period, 24-h energy expenditure was measured. Fluorescence in situ hybridization, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and 454 titanium technology-based 16S rRNA sequencing were used to analyze fecal microbiota composition. Fecal amounts of energy (544, 662, 737 kJ/d), nitrogen (1.5, 1.8, 2.1 g/d), RM (0.3, 0.6, 1.2 g/d), and total carbohydrate (11.1, 14.2, 16.2 g/d) increased with increasing dose (0, 25, 50 g) of RM (P < 0.0001). Fat excretion did not differ among treatments. The ME value of RM was 8.2 and 10.4 kJ/g, and the NE value of RM was -8.2 and 2.0 kJ/g for the 25 and 50 g/d RM doses, respectively. Both doses of RM increased fecal wet weight (118, 148, 161 g/d; P < 0.0001) and fecal dry weight (26.5, 32.0, 35.8 g/d; P < 0.0001) compared with the maltodextrin placebo. Total counts of fecal bacteria increased by 12% for the 25 g/d RM dose (P = 0.17) and 18% for the 50 g/d RM dose (P = 0.019). RM intake was associated with statistically significant increases (P < 0.001) in various operational taxonomic units matching closest to ruminococcus, eubacterium, lachnospiraceae, bacteroides, holdemania, and faecalibacterium, implicating RM in their growth in the gut. Our findings provide empirical data important for food labeling regulations related to the energy value of RM and suggest that RM increases fecal bulk by enhancing the excretion of nitrogen and carbohydrate and the growth of specific microbial populations.

Soluble dietary fiber (Fibersol-2) decreased hunger and increased satiety hormones in humans when ingested with a meal

“…Some single-meal or single-day human studies have shown benefits of~10 g of dietary fiber to lessen perceived hunger, including the present study, but not all dietary fibers compared at that dose had significant satiating effects, as described above [26]. Fibersol-2 was well tolerated at 25 and 50 g/d for 14 days, with some reports of increased flatus [20]. More systematic dose/response studies of satiety effects across fiber types and products might be helpful.…”

“…A 24-day randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial in 14 men showed that ingesting 25 or 50 g of this fiber per day modestly but significantly decreased total metabolizable energy intake compared with the placebo [20]. Additional studies that address possible mechanisms of regulation of energy intake by such dietary fibers are needed.…”

Does Dietary Fiber Affect the Levels of Nutritional Components after Feed Formulation?

“…Fiber contains a given amount of protein which is usually undigestible and could influence the protein digestibility value. This protein value within fiber increases fecal nitrogen concentration [75]. Hence, undigested protein in the fiber source could influence dietary protein digestibility.…”

Microbiotes et maladies métaboliques

“…Les produits de cette fermentation qui sont, par exemple, les acides gras à chaîne courte (acétate, propionate, butyrate et leurs dérivés) interagissent avec les cellules intestinales, notamment les cellules épithéliales, immunitaires et nerveuses. Ils stimulent leurs fonctions endocrines en induisant la sécrétion de défensines, des peptides naturels ayant un rôle antimicrobien, la sécrétion d'hormones, comme le GLP1 (glucagon like peptide one) ou le NPY (neuropeptide Y) qui activent le système nerveux entérique et induisent la maturation [38][39][40]. Les probiotiques, quant à eux, sont constitués de micro-organismes vivants (levures, bactéries) normalement inoffensifs.…”