The metabolic syndrome in pregnancy and its association with child telomere length

McAninch, Dale; Bianco‐Miotto, Tina; Gatford, Kathryn L.; Leemaqz, Shalem; Andraweera, Prabha H.; Garrett, Amy; Plummer, Michelle D.; Dekker, Gus; Roberts, Claire T.; Smithers, Lisa G.; Grieger, Jessica A.

doi:10.1007/s00125-020-05242-0

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…This redox imbalance leads to an increased risk of metabolic complications [197,198] and acceleration of telomeric attrition in the pathogenesis of MetS [199] (Table 1). The consequences of MetS at the telomere length level can be so serious that it can even affect the offspring, since the children of mothers with MetS may have shorter telomeres [200], which predisposes to a greater risk of presenting some chronic non-communicable diseases and mortality [201].…”

Section: Relationship Of Oxidative Stress With the Metabolic Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Telomere Length and Oxidative Stress and Its Relation with Metabolic Syndrome Components in the Aging

Gavia-García

Rosado-Pérez

Arista-Ugalde

et al. 2021

Biology

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A great amount of scientific evidence supports that Oxidative Stress (OxS) can contribute to telomeric attrition and also plays an important role in the development of certain age-related diseases, among them the metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is characterised by clinical and biochemical alterations such as obesity, dyslipidaemia, arterial hypertension, hyperglycaemia, and insulin resistance, all of which are considered as risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases, which are associated in turn with an increase of OxS. In this sense, we review scientific evidence that supports the association between OxS with telomere length (TL) dynamics and the relationship with MetS components in aging. It was analysed whether each MetS component affects the telomere length separately or if they all affect it together. Likewise, this review provides a summary of the structure and function of telomeres and telomerase, the mechanisms of telomeric DNA repair, how telomere length may influence the fate of cells or be linked to inflammation and the development of age-related diseases, and finally, how the lifestyles can affect telomere length.

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Section: Relationship Of Oxidative Stress With the Metabolic Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Telomere Length and Oxidative Stress and Its Relation with Metabolic Syndrome Components in the Aging

Gavia-García

Rosado-Pérez

Arista-Ugalde

et al. 2021

Biology

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“…Certain circumstances, such as psychosocial stress of the mother during pregnancy [41], conception after assisted reproductive technology [42] or intrauterine stress exposure, are associated with the length of offspring telomeres [43]. If mothers have the metabolic syndrome during pregnancy, it is associated with 14% shorter child telomeres compared with control children [44]. Another stimulating hypothesis includes a diabetic pregnancy-driven hyperglycaemic memory that impacts cardiac stem cells [45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetic pregnancy as a novel risk factor for cardiac dysfunction in the offspring—the heart as a target for fetal programming in rats

et al. 2021

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Aims/hypothesis The impact of diabetic pregnancy has been investigated extensively regarding offspring metabolism; however, little is known about the influence on the heart. We aimed to characterise the effects of a diabetic pregnancy on male adult offspring cardiac health after feeding a high-fat diet in an established transgenic rat model. Methods We applied our rat model for maternal type 2 diabetes characterised by maternal insulin resistance with hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia. Diabetes was induced preconceptionally via doxycycline-induced knock down of the insulin receptor in transgenic rats. Male wild-type offspring of diabetic and normoglycaemic pregnancies were raised by foster mothers, followed up into adulthood and subgroups were challenged by a high-fat diet. Cardiac phenotype was assessed by innovative speckle tracking echocardiography, circulating factors, immunohistochemistry and gene expression in the heart. Results When feeding normal chow, we did not observe differences in cardiac function, gene expression and plasma brain natriuretic peptide between adult diabetic or normoglycaemic offspring. Interestingly, when being fed a high-fat diet, adult offspring of diabetic pregnancy demonstrated decreased global longitudinal (−14.82 ± 0.59 vs −16.60 ± 0.48%) and circumferential strain (−23.40 ± 0.57 vs −26.74 ± 0.34%), increased relative wall thickness (0.53 ± 0.06 vs 0.37 ± 0.02), altered cardiac gene expression, enlarged cardiomyocytes (106.60 ± 4.14 vs 87.94 ± 1.67 μm), an accumulation of immune cells in the heart (10.27 ± 0.30 vs 6.48 ± 0.48 per fov) and higher plasma brain natriuretic peptide levels (0.50 ± 0.12 vs 0.12 ± 0.03 ng/ml) compared with normoglycaemic offspring on a high-fat diet. Blood pressure, urinary albumin, blood glucose and body weight were unaltered between groups on a high-fat diet. Conclusions/interpretation Diabetic pregnancy in rats induces cardiac dysfunction, left ventricular hypertrophy and altered proinflammatory status in adult offspring only after a high-fat diet. A diabetic pregnancy itself was not sufficient to impair myocardial function and gene expression in male offspring later in life. This suggests that a postnatal high-fat diet is important for the development of cardiac dysfunction in rat offspring after diabetic pregnancy. Our data provide evidence that a diabetic pregnancy is a novel cardiac risk factor that becomes relevant when other challenges, such as a high-fat diet, are present. Graphical abstract

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“…Thus, the obese young adults with higher insulin concentrations showed telomere shortening, an important parameter to show the non-chronological age [ 41 ]. Furthermore, when metabolic syndrome was present during the pregnancy the child showed 14% of reduction on telomere length [ 42 ]. Regarding to vascular aging, the obesity accelerate the early vascular aging in young obese [ 43 , 44 ].…”

Section: Aging and Circadian Rhythms Disruptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging with rhythmicity. Is it possible? Physical exercise as a pacemaker

2020

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Aging is associated with gradual decline in numerous physiological processes, including a reduction in metabolic functions and immunological system. The circadian rhythm plays a vital role in health, and prolonged clock disruptions are associated with chronic diseases. The relationships between clock genes, aging, and immunosenescence are not well understood. Inflammation is an immune response triggered in living organisms in response to the danger associated with pathogens and injury. The term ‘inflammaging’ has been used to describe the chronic low-grade-inflammation that develops with advancing age and predicts susceptibility to age-related pathologies. Equilibrium between pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines is needed for healthy aging and longevity. Sedentary and poor nutrition style life indices a disruption in circadian rhythm promoting an increase in pro-inflammatory factors or leads for chronic low-grade inflammation. Moreover, signals mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6, might accentuate of the muscle loss during aging. Circadian clock is important to maintain the physiological functions, as maintenance of immune system. A strategy for imposes rhythmicity in the physiological systems may be adopted of exercise training routine. The lifelong regular practice of physical exercise decelerates the processes of aging, providing better quality and prolongation of life. Thus, in this review, we will focus on how aging affects circadian rhythms and its relationship to inflammatory processes (inflammaging), as well as the role of physical exercise as a regulator of the circadian rhythm, promoting aging with rhythmicity.

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The metabolic syndrome in pregnancy and its association with child telomere length

Cited by 25 publications

References 49 publications

Telomere Length and Oxidative Stress and Its Relation with Metabolic Syndrome Components in the Aging

Telomere Length and Oxidative Stress and Its Relation with Metabolic Syndrome Components in the Aging

Diabetic pregnancy as a novel risk factor for cardiac dysfunction in the offspring—the heart as a target for fetal programming in rats

Aging with rhythmicity. Is it possible? Physical exercise as a pacemaker

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