The Metabolic Syndrome and Antioxidant Concentrations

Ford, Earl S.; Mokdad, Ali H.; Giles, Wayne H.; Brown, David W.

doi:10.2337/diabetes.52.9.2346

Cited by 402 publications

(309 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…7,22 Vegetables rich in dietary fiber are thought to reduce the risk of developing MetS by improving glucose control, and minerals, antioxidants or vitamins contained in vegetables are thought to have a favorable effect on glucose tolerance. 47,48 Our results regarding dietary fiber on MetS may represent the positive effect of vegetable intake.…”

Section: Dietary Factors and Metabolic Syndrome Components R Otsuka Ementioning

confidence: 83%

Relationship between number of metabolic syndrome components and dietary factors in middle-aged and elderly Japanese subjects

et al. 2010

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Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a cluster of risk factors for atherosclerosis and is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The role of diet in the etiology of MetS is poorly understood, especially among Asian subjects. This cross-sectional study assessed the relationship between diet and the number of MetS components among Japanese men (n¼609) and women (n¼631). Mean (s.d.) age and body mass index were 57.1 (12.1) years and 22.8 (2.8) kg m À2 for men and 55.5 (12.0) years and 22.0 (3.0) kg m À2 for women, respectively. Diet was assessed by a 3-day dietary record that included photographs: 16 nutrients, 11 food groups, and energy % of protein and dietary fat were selected as a dietary index. The definition of MetS was based on modified National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III criteria, and the number of clustering MetS components was calculated by adding the presence of each five MetS components. A total of 61 men (10.0%) and 46 women (7.3%) were determined to have MetS. After adjusting for age, energy intake, alcohol intake, smoking status and physical activity, a lower intake of vitamin B6 and dietary fiber in men, and lower intake of calcium, milk and dairy products and higher intake of cereal in women were related to the number of MetS components. These results suggest that some dietary factors were related to the number of MetS components among community-dwelling Japanese men and women. Keywords: cross-sectional study; dietary record; Japanese; metabolic syndrome INTRODUCTION Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a cluster of risk factors for atherosclerosis, including visceral obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia; MetS is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. 1 The National Nutrition Survey in Japan, a population-based study among 40-to 74-year-olds, revealed that 24% of men and 12% of women were strongly suspected of having MetS, and 27% of men and 8% of women were suspected of having MetS. 2 MetS has become a major public health challenge in Japan. 3 The pathophysiology of MetS appears to be largely attributable to insulin resistance with an excessive flux of fatty acids, 1 although this disorder presumably exists as a function of a complex interaction between environmental factors, including diet or physical activity and genetic factors. 4,5 Although dietary aspects have been linked to individual features of MetS, 6-8 the role of diet in the etiology of this syndrome is poorly understood. Asians have different lifestyle and genetic factors compared with Caucasians, 9,10 but only a few epidemiologic studies examining diet and MetS among Asians have been conducted. [11][12][13] The aim of this study was to examine the relations between diet and

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Section: Dietary Factors and Metabolic Syndrome Components R Otsuka Ementioning

confidence: 83%

Relationship between number of metabolic syndrome components and dietary factors in middle-aged and elderly Japanese subjects

et al. 2010

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“…A diet high in unsaturated fat, especially n-3 fatty acids, and low in saturated fatty acids (SFA) has been associated with a reduced risk of developing MetS and its features Carpentier et al, 2006). Individuals with MetS have been observed to have lower serum concentrations of antioxidants than those without it (Ford et al, 2003). A high intake of fibre (Galisteo et al, 2008) and magnesium (Bo and Pisu, 2008) and a sufficient vitamin D status (Martini and Wood, 2006) have also been associated with a decreased risk of developing MetS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food consumption, nutrient intake and the risk of having metabolic syndrome: the DR's EXTRA Study

et al. 2010

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Background:The associations of different components of diet with metabolic syndrome (MetS) are largely unknown. We therefore studied the associations of intakes of selected food items and nutrients with the risk of having MetS. Methods: The participants were a representative population sample of 1334 individuals (671 women, 663 men) 57-78 years of age. Dietary intake was assessed by a 4-day food record. MetS was defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program criteria. Results: Consumption of vegetables, non-root vegetables, legumes and nuts berries and fish had an inverse and consumption of sausage had a direct association with the risk of having MetS in men after adjustment for age, smoking and alcohol consumption. Consumption of vegetables and non-root vegetables had an inverse and consumption of sausage had a direct association with the risk of having MetS in women after these adjustments. However, after further adjustment for maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2max ) most of these associations vanished. Men in the highest third of consumption of berries, fish, and legumes and nuts had 49, 37 and 44% lower risk of having MetS, respectively, than those in the lowest third after further adjustment for VO 2max . Women in the highest third of sausage consumption had a 72% higher risk of having MetS than non-consumers. Conclusions: Consumption of legumes and nuts, berries and fish was inversely associated with MetS in men. Consumption of sausage was directly associated with MetS in women. VO 2max seems to be a strong confounding factor between food consumption and MetS.

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“…Furthermore, several studies have found a lower b-carotene status in patients suffering from type II diabetes or metabolic syndrome than in matched controls [10,19,20,55,56,65,82]. Oxidative stress has been implicated in the triggering and/or the perpetuation of chronic and metabolic diseases, and the hypothesis was developed that increased intake of antioxidants (carotenoids, polyphenols, tocopherols) would prevent oxidative stress and disease occurrence.…”

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confidence: 99%

β-Carotene conversion products and their effects on adipose tissue

et al. 2009

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Recent epidemiological data suggest that b-carotene may be protective against metabolic diseases in which adipose tissue plays a key role. Adipose tissue constitutes the major b-carotene storage tissue and its functions have been shown to be modulated in response to b-carotene breakdown products, especially retinal produced after cleavage by b-carotene 15,15 0 -monooxygenase (BCMO1), and retinoic acid arising from oxidation of retinal. However, the possibility exists that b-carotene in its intact form can also affect adipocyte function. Development of a knock out model and identification of a loss-offunction mutation have pointed out BCMO1 as being probably the sole enzyme responsible for provitamin A conversion into retinal in mammals. The utilisation of BCMO1 -/-mice should provide insights on b-carotene effect on its own in the future. In humans, intervention studies have highlighted the huge interindividual variation of b-carotene conversion efficiency, possibly due to genetic polymorphisms, which might impact on response to b-carotene. This brief review discusses the processes involved in b-carotene conversion and the effect of cleavage products on body fat and adipose tissue function.

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The Metabolic Syndrome and Antioxidant Concentrations

Cited by 402 publications

References 45 publications

Relationship between number of metabolic syndrome components and dietary factors in middle-aged and elderly Japanese subjects

Relationship between number of metabolic syndrome components and dietary factors in middle-aged and elderly Japanese subjects

Food consumption, nutrient intake and the risk of having metabolic syndrome: the DR's EXTRA Study

β-Carotene conversion products and their effects on adipose tissue

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