The metabolic fingerprints of HCV and HBV infections studied by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Abstract

Few studies are available on metabolic changes in liver injuries and this is the first metabolomic study evaluating a group of HCV-positive patients, before and after viral eradication via DAA IFN-free regimens, using 1H-NMR to characterize and compare their serum fingerprints to naïve HBV-patients and healthy donors. The investigation clearly shows differences in the metabolomic profile of HCV patients before and after effective DAA treatment. Significant changes in metabolites levels in patients undergoing therapy suggest alterations in several metabolic pathways. It has been shown that 1H-NMR fingerprinting approach is an optimal technique in predicting the specific infection and the healthy status of studied subjects (Monte-Carlo cross validated accuracies: 86% in the HCV vs HBV model, 98.7% in the HCV vs HC model). Metabolite data collected support the hypothesis that the HCV virus induces glycolysis over oxidative phosphorylation in a similar manner to the Warburg effect in cancer, moreover our results have demonstrated a different action of the two viruses on cellular metabolism, corroborating the hypothesis that the metabolic perturbation on patients could be attributed to a direct role in viral infection. This metabolomic study has revealed some alteration in metabolites for the first time (2-oxoglutarate and 3-hydroxybutrate) concerning the HCV-infection model that could explain several extrahepatic manifestations associated with such an infection.

Effects of Probiotics Administration on Human Metabolic Phenotype

“…One of the main findings of metabolomics is that systemic biofluids like blood, urine and saliva, contain a strong individual metabolic signature, called metabolic phenotype or metabotype, which is stable over time, allowing us to monitor individual status and response to different stimuli [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ], as well as to fingerprint several different diseases [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. The metabotype is a multifactorial entity; in fact, besides being a snapshot of the subject’s genotype and metabolism, it is also influenced by many other factors, like gut microbiota, diet, lifestyle, drugs, etc.…”

Changes in the Salivary Metabolic Profile of Generalized Periodontitis Patients after Non-surgical Periodontal Therapy: A Metabolomic Analysis Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

“…Importantly, the salivary metabolome is easily accessible and has revealed specific metabolomics signatures for numerous oral or systemic diseases [ 10 ]. NMR-based metabolomics has provided significant information on oral conditions, such as dental caries [ 11 ], oral cancer [ 12 ], and Sjögren’s syndrome [ 13 ], as well as on systemic conditions, such as dementia [ 14 ], neurodegenerative disorders [ 15 ], cardiovascular diseases [ 16 , 17 ] and viral infections [ 18 ].…”

Metabolomics profile in gastrointestinal cancers: Update and future perspectives

“…NMR based metabolomics has widely demonstrated to be an optimal strategy for diseases' diagnosis [62][63][64][65] , classification and prognosis [66] and as previously reported we will give an update on the current status of NMR-based metabolomic studies using biological fluids for the diagnosis of GI cancers. In Table 1 we have summarized the different NMR studies evaluated and discussed.…”