The Mental Deterioration Battery: Normative Data, Diagnostic Reliability and Qualitative Analyses of Cognitive Impairment

Carlesimo, Giovanni Augusto; Caltagirone, Carlo; Gainotti, Guido

doi:10.1159/000117297

Cited by 1,089 publications

(741 citation statements)

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“…A detailed neuropsychological battery (1 h length) was used to investigate specific cognitive domains, such as memory (Rey's word list immediate and delayed recall) (21), abstract thinking (Raven matrices) (22) and verbal fluency (letter and category fluency) (23), known to be specifically affected in people carrying the APOE ε4 allele.…”

Section: Neuropsychological Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional atrophy of transcallosal prefrontal connections in cognitively normal APOE ϵ4 carriers

Filippini

Zarei

Beckmann

et al. 2009

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Purpose:To investigate the possible effect of the APOE ε4 allele on age-related regional volume loss within the corpus callosum (CC) in healthy ε4 allele carriers compared with noncarriers. Materials and Methods:A total of 211 subjects, ages 27 to 83 years, 51 ε4 carriers and 160 noncarriers underwent T1-weighted MRI scan. All subjects had normal MRI scan and performed within normal range on a neuropsychological battery of tests. CC was segmented into seven functionally relevant regions using a previously published probabilistic map of the CC connectivity. We measured the volumes of the CC and its subregions. We used a regression model (with volumes as dependent and age as independent variables) and compared the slopes between carriers and noncarriers using an analysis of covariance model. We also carried out voxel-based-morphometry analysis to investigate the possible effect of the APOE ε4 gene on the gray matter. Results:We found that the volume of the CC and all subregions decreased with increasing age in both groups. The slope was steeper in the APOE ε4 carriers compared withthe noncarriers particularly in the prefrontal region (P ϭ 0.02). No gray matter differences were observed between the two groups.Conclusion: APOE ε4 polymorphism is associated with accelerated age-related volume loss in the prefrontal callosal tracts without gray matter loss. This result suggests the role of APOE ε4 in the brain aging by primarily affecting white matter structures particularly in the frontal lobe.

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Section: Neuropsychological Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional atrophy of transcallosal prefrontal connections in cognitively normal APOE ϵ4 carriers

Filippini

Zarei

Beckmann

et al. 2009

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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“…All patients underwent: (i) semi-structured interview with the patient and -whenever possible -with another informant (usually the patient's spouse or a child) by a geriatrician or neurologist; (ii) physical and neurological examinations; (iii) performance-based tests of physical function, gait and balance; (iv) neuropsychological assessment evaluating verbal and non-verbal memory, attention and executive functions (Trail Making Test B-A; Clock Drawing Test; Amodio et al, 2002;Shulman, 2000), abstract thinking (Raven matrices; Basso et al, 1987), frontal functions (Inverted Motor Learning; Spinnler and Tognoni, 1987); language (Phonological and Semantic fluency; Token test; Carlesimo et al, 1996;Novelli et al, 1986), and apraxia and visuo-constructional abilities (Rey figure copy; Caffarra et al, 2002); (v) assessment of depressive symptoms with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D; Radloff, 1977). As the aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of the vascular damage on EEG rhythms, we did not consider the clinical subtype of MCI, i.e., amnesic, non-amnesic or multiple domains.…”

Section: Diagnostic Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular damage and EEG markers in subjects with mild cognitive impairment

Moretti

Miniussi

Frisoni

et al. 2007

Clinical Neurophysiology

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Objective: We evaluated the changes induced by cerebrovascular (CV) damage on brain rhythmicity recorded by electroencephalography (EEG) in a cohort of subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: We enrolled 99 MCI subjects (Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE] mean score 26.6). All subjects underwent EEG recording and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). EEGs were recorded at rest. Individual EEG frequencies were indexed by the h/a transition frequency (TF) and by the individual a frequency (IAF) with power peak in the extended a range (5-14 Hz). Relative power was separately computed for d, h, a1, a2, and a3 frequency bands on the basis of the TF and IAF values. Subsequently, we divided the cohort in four sub-groups based on subcortical CV damage as scored by the age-related white matter changes scale (ARWMC). Results: CV damage was associated with 'slowing' of TF proportional to its severity. In the spectral bandpower the severity of vascular damage was associated with increased d power and decreased a2 power. No association of vascular damage was observed with IAF and a3 power. Moreover, the h/a1 ratio could be a reliable index for the estimation of the individual extent of CV damage. Conclusions: EEG analysis may show physiological markers sensitive to CV damage. The appropriate use of this EEG index may help the differential diagnosis of different forms of cognitive decline, namely primary degenerative and secondary to CV damage. Significance: The EEG neurophysiological approach, together with anatomical features from imaging, could be helpful in the understanding of the functional substrate of dementing disorders.

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“…(ii) executive function: verbal fluency (Carlesimo, Caltagirone & Gainotti, 1996), trail making B-A (Giovagnoli et al, 1996), cognitive estimates (Della Sala, MacPherson, Phillips, Sacco & Spinnler, 2003), (iii) visuospatial attention: star cancellation (Wilson, Cockburn & Halligan, 1987) and (iv) processing speed: trail making A (Giovagnoli et al, 1996). All patients presented with clear evidence of the classical amnesic syndrome characterized by intact immediate verbal recall, as assessed via forward digit span (Carlesimo et al, 1996) but severely impaired LTM, as assessed via word list learning (i.e.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All patients presented with clear evidence of the classical amnesic syndrome characterized by intact immediate verbal recall, as assessed via forward digit span (Carlesimo et al, 1996) but severely impaired LTM, as assessed via word list learning (i.e. total immediate word recall across 5 trials), delayed word recall and delayed prose recall (Carlesimo et al, 1996), and corroborated by the patients' carers' ratings on the Clinical Dementia Rating -Everyday Memory Deficits Scale (Katz, Ford, Mokowitz, Jackson & Jaffe, 1963).…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual complexity accentuates picture-description deficit in amnesia.

Dewar¹,

Neroni²,

Zeman³

et al. 2017

Neuropsychology

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Objective: A recent study indicated that amnesic patients have difficulties not only in describing past and imagined scenarios, but also in describing pictures that are in full view. This finding suggests that impaired memory hampers descriptions of scenarios more broadly. However, no such impairment in picture description in amnesic patients was observed in a related study. One key methodological difference between these studies was the complexity of the pictures to be described, hinting that group differences might be marked only if pictures are sufficiently complex to tax aspects of memory. Method: To test this complexity hypothesis, we examined whether differences in picture description between amnesic patients and controls increase with increasing picture complexity. As in previous studies, we also assessed our participants’ ability to describe imagined scenarios. Results: Amnesic patients reported significantly fewer elements than did controls when describing pictures and imagined scenarios. The group difference in picture description was significantly larger for complex than for simple pictures. Conclusion: Although variations in lesion sites might have accounted for the aforementioned cross-study differences in picture description in amnesic patients, our results suggest that, at least in amnesic patients with extramedial temporal lobe lesions, the complexity of pictures can determine whether or not a (substantial) picture-description deficit is observed. We interpret these findings in terms of a narrative-construction deficit. We hypothesize that, whereas brief narrative can be constructed via nonmemory cognitive processes, the construction of more detailed narrative depends upon intact functioning of a temporary memory system, such as the episodic buffer.

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The Mental Deterioration Battery: Normative Data, Diagnostic Reliability and Qualitative Analyses of Cognitive Impairment

Cited by 1,089 publications

References 0 publications

Regional atrophy of transcallosal prefrontal connections in cognitively normal APOE ϵ4 carriers

Regional atrophy of transcallosal prefrontal connections in cognitively normal APOE ϵ4 carriers

Vascular damage and EEG markers in subjects with mild cognitive impairment

Visual complexity accentuates picture-description deficit in amnesia.

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