The Medicinal Applications of Imidazolium Carbene−Metal Complexes

N-Heterocyclic Carbene Coinage Metal Complexes Containing Naphthalimide Chromophore: Design, Structure, and Photophysical Properties

“…The C carbene -Au and Au-Cl distances are 1.985(5) Å and 2.287(0) Å, respectively, typical to those reported for previous complexes containing a simple carbene ligand [15,23,24]. In addition, the planes of the imidazole-2-ylidene moiety and the NI moiety show an angle of approximately of 65.81 (8) • . To our knowledge, this is the first molecular structure of a gold carbene complex tethered to a naphthalimide chromophore.…”

“…However, the first metal complexes were reported back in 1965 by Ofele and Wanzlick et al [2,3]. Indeed they allow the formation of stable compounds that have important applications in various fields of chemistry [4,5] such as organometallics [6], homogeneous catalysis [7], metallosupramolecular chemistry, metallodrugs [8], and more recently as luminescent materials [9][10][11]. In the latter, a wide range of luminescent complexes were prepared displaying various properties.…”

On the binding modes of metal NHC complexes with DNA secondary structures: implications for therapy and imaging

“…14 Recent developments in inorganic drug discovery of metal NHCs, focus on coinage (Au, Ag, Cu) and platinum-group metals (Pt, Ru, Pd, Os, Ir) and their structure-activity relationships as well as biological targets are being elucidated. [15][16][17][18][19]20 The biological modes of action of antiproliferative NHC complexes have been investigated for several of these metal ions and led to the identification of different potential molecular targets. 12,[15][16][17][19][20][21][22][23] Among these mechanisms, cell cycle arrest and mitochondrial dysfunctions (e.g.…”

“…[15][16][17][18][19]20 The biological modes of action of antiproliferative NHC complexes have been investigated for several of these metal ions and led to the identification of different potential molecular targets. 12,[15][16][17][19][20][21][22][23] Among these mechanisms, cell cycle arrest and mitochondrial dysfunctions (e.g. ROS production, changes in mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c release and caspase activation) may be responsible for triggering apoptosis in cancer cells and this is on the one hand caused by the interaction of such metal-based drug candidates with proteins.…”

Carbohydrate– N -heterocyclic carbene metal complexes: Synthesis, catalysis and biological studies

“…After the initial burst of research in the catalysis area, use of NHC metal complexes in other areas gained attention and is still developing, especially in biological and medicinal chemistry. For example, various NHC metal complexes have been shown to possess anti-infective activities (e.g., many Ag NHC complexes [3]), anti-biotic activities [4] and anti-cancer activities (e.g. some complexes of Ag, Pd, Au, Pt, Ru and other metals) [5][6][7].…”