The Medical and Demographic Importance of Wet-Nursing

Hill, Gerry B.; Johnston, Grace; Campbell, Sharon; Birdsell, Judy

doi:10.3138/cbmh.4.2.183

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…234-235). One theory attributes the decline to laws that limited the use of wet-nurses (Hill, Johnston, Campbell, & Birdsell, 1987). Our theory sheds no new light here.…”

Section: The Close Proximity Of Industrialization and Fertility Declinementioning

confidence: 96%

Fertility and development: the roles of schooling and family production

Lord

Rangazas

2006

J Econ Growth

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This paper presents a quantitative theory of development that highlights three mechanisms that relate schooling, fertility, and growth. First, we point out that in the early stages of development, fertility and schooling may rise together as the schooling of younger children increases their relative contribution to family income when they turn working age. Second, the model contains a supply-side theory of schooling that generates a rise in schooling independent of technological change. Third, we introduce a direct negative effect of industrialization on fertility that does not operate through human capital and the quantity-quality tradeoff. An initial quantitative assessment of the theoretical mechanisms is conducted by calibrating and applying the model to United States history from 1800 to 2000. We find that the demise in family production is an important factor reducing fertility in the 19th century and schooling of older children is dominant factor reducing fertility in the 20th century. The same model is applied to England from 1740 to 1940, where we offer two complimentary explanations for the rise in fertility from 1740 to 1820. The first is based on the rapid expansion in the cottage industry and the second on the increased relative productivity of children. We also find that the subsequent fall in fertility from 1820 to 1940 cannot be explained without introducing child labor/compulsory schooling laws. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2006Economic development, Fertility, Schooling, Family production,

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“…234-235). One theory attributes the decline to laws that limited the use of wet-nurses (Hill, Johnston, Campbell, & Birdsell, 1987). Our theory sheds no new light here.…”

Section: The Close Proximity Of Industrialization and Fertility Declinementioning

confidence: 96%

Fertility and development: the roles of schooling and family production

Lord

Rangazas

2006

J Econ Growth

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“…The machines are argued to somehow “run themselves,” to the extent that the infants only need be fed and bathed, the role of their assigned nurses. It has also been pointed out that although the term “nurse” in English originally referred to “wet nurse,” it later took on its contemporary meaning to “take care of someone.” However, this linguistic change did not occur with the French or German terms (la nourrice; die Amme) where the original word for nurse still refers to wet nurse ( Hill et al, 1987 ). In the case of the image in Figure 2 , these nurses were in fact wet nurses.…”

Section: Expanding Medical and Scientific Fame Technology And Control...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical Research: More Than Milk: The Origins of Human Milk Banking Social Relations

Cassidy

2022

J Hum Lact

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“…Rawson 1966, 2005and Shaw 1987 10. For a brief overview of wet-nursing practices from a Greek and Roman to a nineteenth-and twentieth-century European context, see Hill, Johnston, Campbell and Birdsell 1987;Fildes 1986Fildes , 1988 on Talmudic evidence for Jewish wet-nursing, see Eidelman 2006. 11. With regard to the question of geography, the evidence includes, for example, the nursing contracts found in Egypt such as P. Oxy.…”

Section: Milk and Moral Development In A Greco-roman Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nurslings, Milk and Moral Development in the Greco-Roman Context: A Reappraisal of the Paraenetic Utilization of Metaphor in 1 Peter 2.1-3

Tite

2009

Journal for the Study of the New Testament

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A scholarly tradition exists linking the nursling-milk metaphor in 1 Pet. 2.1-3 with Jewish (or Jewish-Christian) motifs from, for example, the Odes of Solomon and Qumran. This article attempts to broaden the cultural associations of this metaphor to include the broader Greco-Roman world—specifically the role of the wet nurse, the idealized mother, and formative moral development of the child through breast-feeding and childminders ( nutrix and nutritor). This article will then link these cultural referents to the rhetorical strategy of this section of 1 Peter's paraenesis.

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The Medical and Demographic Importance of Wet-Nursing

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

Fertility and development: the roles of schooling and family production

Fertility and development: the roles of schooling and family production

Historical Research: More Than Milk: The Origins of Human Milk Banking Social Relations

Nurslings, Milk and Moral Development in the Greco-Roman Context: A Reappraisal of the Paraenetic Utilization of Metaphor in 1 Peter 2.1-3

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