“…This is since basic Arabic language has become a mandatory course in every Indonesia Islamic University in addition to a pair of other mandatory Islamic courses such as fiqh, hadith, muamalah, or Islamic histories as an effort by the universities to integrate Islamic teaching and conventional educational majors including Accounting, Business, Pharmacy, and several others. It is also one of the differentiating prerequisites compared to conventional colleges in this country (Junusi and Mubarok 2021). Meanwhile, the contribution Religions 2022, 13, 320 2 of 14 of language to the discourse on demographic identity is evident in South Korea, where English mastery is considered superior to the mother language (Lee 2004), as well as the use of English and the national language, Malay, by Malaysians in their conversation on cyberspace (Wang and Xu 2018).…”