The Mediating Effect on Self-Efficacy in The Relationship Between Gender Identity and Leadership Style

Abstract

According to role congruence theory (Eagly & Karau, 2002), it is not the evaluative content of the stereotype of women but its mismatch with leadership roles that underlies women discrimination with regards to leadership roles. The current study sought to establish whetherleader’s gender identity or the extent to which the leader possesses traits associated with traditional gender stereotypes may explain leadership styles.Using a sample of 163 managers working within bank and personal care services, results show that among both male and female leaders, masculine gender identity was more strongly related to group-focused transformational leadership (charisma, inspirational motivation and idealized influence), transformational intellectual stimulation leadership and to transactional leadership styles. Furthermore, the results show that masculine leadership self-efficacy mediates the relationship between gender identity and leadership styles. Results are discussed in relation to previous research.

Challenges Women Experience in Leadership Careers: An Integrative Review

“…This outcome occurs because social constraints inhibit women's self-efficacy. Other studies have shown that mentoring and coaching can effectively facilitate women's leadership development and increase their self-efficacy [42,80].…”

“…As shown in the above section, both the external and internal factors based on gender stereotypes have a negative effect on women's careers. Figure 2 shows that external factors such as gender bias and gender stereotypes within organizations may cause women to underestimate themselves and their self-efficacy [80], which causes a vicious cycle in which challenges to women in leadership manifest over time. For example, although organizations are responsible for appointing women to leadership positions and offering promotion opportunities, gender stereotypes and biases within the organization increase the possibility that women are appointed to disadvantageous or unstable positions due to unfavorable organizational conditions.…”

“…Many studies have suggested that the transformational leadership style and servant leadership style are well-suited for women [42,48]. However, due to the second-generation gender bias that women leaders face, they may be inclined to adopt leadership styles that conform to gender stereotypes [80]. Nonetheless, it is important to adopt leadership styles that showcase their abilities as leaders, in addition to their status as female leaders.…”

Effects of Cohesion Analysis-Based Instructions (CABI) on English as Foreign Language (TEFL) Students’ Reading Comprehension and Self-Efficacy

“…(2019), Pohl et al (2020) and Rogowska et al (2022) indicate that self-efficacy acted as a mediating variable. This implies that reading self-efficacy can play a mediating role in the causal relationship between different variables and reading strategies that can be employed in EFL classes.…”