The mechanism of growth-twin formation in zincblende crystals: new insights from a study of magnetic liquid encapsulated Czochralski-grown InP single crystals

Dynamics of partially faceted melt/crystal interfaces I: computational approach and single step–source calculations

“…Facets may significantly affect the quality of a growing crystal through their involvement with unwanted effects such as inhomogeneous solute segregation (the 'facet effect' [28]) and twinning [20,29,30], as well as through the impact of faceted crystal surface shapes on the geometry of transport phenomena in the vicinity of the growing crystal. The importance of modeling faceting during melt growth was first recognized in the early efforts of Brice [31] and later Voronkov [22] who used a simple geometric modeling approach to predict facet size.…”

Simulating Interface Growth and Defect Generation in CZT – Simulation State of the Art and Known Gaps

“…The first principle calculation show that the stacking fault energy is about 0.1 J/m2 for CdTe. Therefore, the twin is common defects in growth crystal with zincblende structures [90,[127][128][129][130][131][132][133][134]. Figure 8 shows the twin structures observed in CZT.…”

Influence of the cone angle and crystal shape on the formation of twins in InP crystals

“…However, the shoulder angle is not alone important. Hurle has given a general explanation on the formation mechanism of twin in III-V compound semiconductors [4][5][6]. Conditions for the avoidance of twin formation were also predicted.…”

“…In 1995, the idea was amended [5] and published in final form in 1998 [6]. Hurle predicted that twins nucleate in regions where {111} edge facets are anchored to the threephase boundary (TPB), and that twinning produces a {111} external facet on the shoulder region of a crystal.…”

“…He predicts a correlation between crystal cone angle α and twin generation frequency, where α is defined as the angle between the tangent to the crystal surface and the growth axis. Angles of 70.53° and 74.21° should promote twinning, while that of 35.26° should reduce twin frequency [4][5][6]. However, a critical review of experimental results on InP, grown by LEC and VCz techniques, does not yield such a clear correlation.…”