The mechanism of failure by hydrogen induced cracking in an acidic environment for API 5L X70 pipeline steel

Mohtadi-Bonab, M.A.; Szpunar, Jerzy A.; Basu, Ritwik; Eskandari, M.

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.11.057

Cited by 155 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…It has been reported that the inclusions enriched in aluminum and silicon oxide were generally hard, brittle, and that relative big voids existed between the aluminum, silicon oxide and steel substrate [22][23][24]. Thus, it can be imaged that, during the service, high stress concentration arose around the inclusions in the bars under the action of pre-stress load.…”

Section: Microstructure Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Failure analysis of pre‐stressed high strength steel bars used in a wind turbine foundation: Experimental and FE simulation

Wang

Song

et al. 2015

Materials & Corrosion

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Two screw‐thread pre‐stressed high strength steel bars used in a wind turbine foundation fractured suddenly and unexpectedly after being loaded by a pre‐stress for a number of hours. In this paper, on the one hand, a series of tests were conducted to determine the failure cause of the bars. The results suggest that the failure was caused by hydrogen‐assisted cracking (HAC). An amount of hydrogen had invaded into the bars, and a number of inclusions were found in the bars. The large‐size inclusions caused very high stress concentration around them, consequently resulting in excessive accumulation of hydrogen as the stress can enhance hydrogen diffusion and accumulation. The coexistence of high stress concentration and hydrogen accumulation around inclusions induced HAC, finally causing the failure. On the other hand, based on hydrogen‐influenced cohesive zone modeling (CZM), finite element calculations were performed to simulate the crack initiation in the bars. The results indicate that the CZM has a potential to predict such kind of crack initiation assisted by hydrogen, and can offer a numerical technique to determine whether HAC may occur in an actual inclusion‐ and hydrogen‐containing pre‐stressed high strength steel structure.

show abstract

Section: Microstructure Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Failure analysis of pre‐stressed high strength steel bars used in a wind turbine foundation: Experimental and FE simulation

Wang

Song

et al. 2015

Materials & Corrosion

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For all this, customers put a high requirement to the strength, toughness and welding performance of pipeline steels. Furthermore, the resistance ability of hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) and sulfide stress corrosion cracking (SSCC) in pipe-line steels should not be neglected either [11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Q&T parameters on phase transformation, microstructure, precipitation and mechanical properties in a PS-30Cr2Nb pipeline steel

Guan

Yuan

Xiong

et al. 2020

Mater. Res. Express

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The heat treatments with different quenching and tempering temperatures were conducted to clarify the effects of Q&T (quenching and tempering) parameters on phase transformation, microstructure, precipitation, mechanical properties in a PS-30Cr2Nb pipeline steel. Results indicate that the optimum property of tensile strength of 892 MPa and elongation of 19.17% was obtained at a low quenching (950°C) and low tempering temperature (570°C). Finer prior austenite grains and carbides contributed to the higher strength. Besides, the content of coarsening carbides increased with tempering temperature and quenching temperature. The increased content of coarsening carbides is responsible for the deteriorative comprehensive performance. In addition, Fe 3 C particle was gradually substituted by the alloy carbides with the proceeding of tempering by the dynamic assignment of elements.

show abstract

“…Hydrogen sulfide together with other characteristics of the medium, such as temperature and pH condition, can cause general corrosion, localized corrosion, embrittlement, and cracking of pipelines; moreover, there is a large history of such occurrences in valves and welded joints. Pipeline rupture or its parts also have great environmental and economic impacts due to leaks and explosions, which lead to a halt in production [2][3][4][5]. Although corrosion consequences are well known, causes and mechanisms by which each phenomenon occurs are still not well understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After that, the recombination of hydrogen atoms and pressurization of these sites causes internal stress. Finally, this pressurization is manifested mainly in the form of blisters near the steel surface and internal cracks aligned in the direction of material rolling (HIC) [2,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study of Hydrogen-Induced Cracking Resistances of API 5L B and X52MS Carbon Steels

Figueredo

Oliveira

Paula

et al. 2018

International Journal of Corrosion

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Susceptibility to hydrogen-induced cracking of API 5L B and X52MS low-carbon steels in NACE 177-A, 177-B, and 284-B solutions has been investigated by the present work. A metallographic analysis of these steels was performed before and after NACE TM0284 standard testing. Corrosion products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray dispersive energy spectrometry, which were subsequently identified by X-ray diffraction. Thus it was found that pH directly affects the solubility of corrosion products and hydrogen permeation. Both steels showed generalized corrosion in solution 177-A, and a discontinuous film was formed on their surfaces in solution 177-B; however, only the API 5L B steel failed the HIC test and exhibited greater crack length ratio in solution 177-A. In solution 284-B whose pH is higher, the steels exhibited thick mackinawite films with no internal cracking.

show abstract

The mechanism of failure by hydrogen induced cracking in an acidic environment for API 5L X70 pipeline steel

Cited by 155 publications

References 28 publications

Failure analysis of pre‐stressed high strength steel bars used in a wind turbine foundation: Experimental and FE simulation

Failure analysis of pre‐stressed high strength steel bars used in a wind turbine foundation: Experimental and FE simulation

Effects of Q&T parameters on phase transformation, microstructure, precipitation and mechanical properties in a PS-30Cr2Nb pipeline steel

A Comparative Study of Hydrogen-Induced Cracking Resistances of API 5L B and X52MS Carbon Steels

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About