The mechanism of dewlap extension in <i>Anolis carolinensis</i> (Reptilia: Iguanidae) with histological analysis of the hyoid apparatus

Bels, Vincent

doi:10.1002/jmor.1052060209

Cited by 53 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…coloured throat fan adapted for signalling, described by Bels, 1990;Font & Rome, 1990); (5) whether display was performed singly or as part of a volley (i.e. two or more displays <2 s apart); (6) if display was part of a volley, its position in the sequence of displays; and (7) whether display was accompanied by non-headbob movements and postures (i.e.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterosexual Signalling By the Lizard Anolis Carolinensis, with Intersexual Comparisons Across Contexts

Orrell¹,

Jenssen

2003

Behav

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SummaryWe quanti ed the structure and use of signals exchanged by males and females within the female-defence polygyny of the lizard, Anolis carolinensis. During heterosexual interactions, both sexes performed three kinds of stereotypic headbob displays (A, B, and C) with equal precision. These three display types were essentially identical to A, B, and C display types previously documented for both sexes during consexual contests, and for males when displaying alone (non-directed context). Therefore, there is no courtship-speci c headbob display in A. carolinensis. Although interacting males and females displayed at a similar mean frequency (»20 displays/h), signalling was sexually dimorphic in that: (1) males used predominately C displays (89%), whereas females used predominantly A and B displays (48% and 50%, respectively); (2) males extended their dewlaps with almost every display (98%), whereas females extended their dewlaps with few displays (<2%); (3) males sequenced 80% of displays in volleys of two or more displays, whereas females performed only 12% of displays in volleys; and (4) males concluded 22% of displays with shudderbobs (i.e. display modi er composed of shallow, quick, double bobs), whereas females never appended displays with shudderbobs. From eld and laboratory data on A. carolinensis signal behaviour during other social contexts and the species' female-defence mating system, we interpret heterosexual signalling from a perspective of intrasexual selection to discuss the: (1) absence

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterosexual Signalling By the Lizard Anolis Carolinensis, with Intersexual Comparisons Across Contexts

Orrell¹,

Jenssen

2003

Behav

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“…The m. branchiohyoideus is also striking and particularly well developed in lacertid lizards. This muscle is typically associated with the use of the hyobranchial apparatus as a display organ in lizards such as Anolis lizards and other iguanids (Bels, 1990;Font and Rome, 1990;Bels et al, 1994). Yet, unlike iguanids, lacertid lizards typically do not use extensive throat displays in agonistic interactions.…”

Section: Comparative Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative functional analysis of the hyolingual anatomy in lacertid lizards

et al. 2005

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The tongue is often considered a key innovation in the evolution of a terrestrial lifestyle as it allows animals to transport food items through the oral cavity in air, a medium with low density and viscosity. The tongue has been secondarily coopted for a wide diversity of functions, including prey capture, drinking, breathing, and defensive behaviors. Within basal lizard groups, the tongue is used primarily for the purpose of prey capture and transport. In more derived groups, however, the tongue appears specialized for chemoreceptive purposes. Here we examine the tongue structure and morphology in lacertid lizards, a group of lizards where the tongue is critical to both food transport and chemoreception. Because of the different mechanical demands imposed by these different functions, regional morphological specializations of the tongue are expected. All species of lacertid lizards examined here have relatively light tongue muscles, but a well developed hyobranchial musculature that may assist during food transport. The intrinsic musculature, including verticalis, transversalis, and longitudinalis groups, is well developed and may cause the tongue elongation and retraction observed during chemoreception and drinking. The papillary morphology is complex and shows clear differences between the tongue tips and anterior fore-tongue, and the more posterior parts of the tongue. Our data show a subdivision between the fore-and hind-tongue in both papillary structure and muscular anatomy likely allowing these animals to use their tongues effectively during both chemoreception and prey transport. Moreover, our data suggest the importance of hyobranchium movements during prey transport in lacertid lizards.

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“…The muscle fibers run between the first ceratobranchial and ceratohyal cartilages. When the muscles contract, the two cartilaginous structures act as a lever to bow out the second ceratobranchial cartilage and unfold the skin along the throat and chest [Bels, 1990;Font and Rome, 1990; also see diagram in O'Bryant and . Parallel to the sex differences in behavior, many of the structures responsible for dewlap extension are larger or more numerous in males, such as motor neuron soma and nerve size [Wade, 1998;O'Bryant and Wade, 1999], size of neuromuscular junctions on the ceratohyoideus [O'Bryant and Wade, 2002], length of the second ceratobranchial cartilage [Wade, 1998], and size and number of fibers in the ceratohyoideus [O'Bryant and Wade, 1999].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fiber Type Composition of the Muscle Responsible for Throat Fan Extension in Green Anole Lizards

Rosen

O'Bryant

Swender³

et al. 2004

Brain Behav Evol

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Throat fan (dewlap) extension is sexually dimorphic in green anole lizards (Anolis carolinensis). Males have larger dewlaps which they display more frequently than females. Correlated with the behavior, sexual dimorphisms occur in the skeletal, muscular and neural structures responsible for dewlap extension in green anoles. We used histochemical techniques to stain for myosin ATPase and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) to determine whether sex differences also exist in fiber type composition of the ceratohyoideus, the muscle that extends the dewlap. Based on the staining pattern for the two enzymes, four fiber types were identified: fast-oxidative-glycolytic (FOG), fast-glycolytic (FG), slow-oxidative (SO), and tonic. In the ceratohyoideus of both sexes, the predominate fiber types were FOG (∼43%) and FG (∼34%). Also in both males and females, the FOG and FG fibers had approximately twice the cross-sectional area of the SO and tonic fibers. No sex differences occurred in the percentages of FOG and FG fibers. However, males had a greater percentage of tonic fibers than females, whereas females had a greater percentage of SO fibers than males. The high proportion of FOG fibers in the anole ceratohyoideus makes it similar to other relatively fatigue-resistant muscles used in movements of moderate speed and duration. Although the precise role of tonic fibers in dewlap extension is not known, the greater percentage of these fibers in the male ceratohyoideus might be required to stabilize or maintain extension of the large dewlap apparatus in males.

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The mechanism of dewlap extension in Anolis carolinensis (Reptilia: Iguanidae) with histological analysis of the hyoid apparatus

Cited by 53 publications

References 14 publications

Heterosexual Signalling By the Lizard Anolis Carolinensis, with Intersexual Comparisons Across Contexts

Heterosexual Signalling By the Lizard Anolis Carolinensis, with Intersexual Comparisons Across Contexts

Comparative functional analysis of the hyolingual anatomy in lacertid lizards

Fiber Type Composition of the Muscle Responsible for Throat Fan Extension in Green Anole Lizards

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