1976
DOI: 10.1242/dev.35.3.559
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The mechanism of chick blastoderm expansion

Abstract: At the time of laying, the domestic fowl blastoderm measures 4 mm across. After 4 days’ incubation, the extra-embryonic yolk-sac tissues have expanded to encompass the whole yolk mass. This expansion involves the migration over the inner surface of the vitelline membrane of a specialized band of ‘edge cells’ at the blastoderm periphery. As they move, they pull out the blastoderm behind them, setting up a considerable tension. Expansion also involves cell proliferation and changes in cell shape. This paper atte… Show more

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Cited by 32 publications
(17 citation statements)
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“…Based on a number of classical studies it had been generally thought that the peripheral region of the embryo, the area opaca, plays a role in providing nutrition to the embryo and in maintaining its tension, but that it does not have an instructive role in regulating cell fate or embryonic polarity ( Bellairs et al, 1967 ; Downie, 1976 ; Khaner et al, 1985 ; New, 1959 ; Spratt and Haas, 1960 ). Contrary to this conclusion, the present study uncovers three separable functions of the area opaca: induction of marginal zone properties, an influence on polarity of the marginal zone and determining the end of the period during which embryo fragments can ‘regulate’ (repolarise themselves and form a primitive streak from an isolated fragment lacking the primitive streak-forming region) ( Fig.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Based on a number of classical studies it had been generally thought that the peripheral region of the embryo, the area opaca, plays a role in providing nutrition to the embryo and in maintaining its tension, but that it does not have an instructive role in regulating cell fate or embryonic polarity ( Bellairs et al, 1967 ; Downie, 1976 ; Khaner et al, 1985 ; New, 1959 ; Spratt and Haas, 1960 ). Contrary to this conclusion, the present study uncovers three separable functions of the area opaca: induction of marginal zone properties, an influence on polarity of the marginal zone and determining the end of the period during which embryo fragments can ‘regulate’ (repolarise themselves and form a primitive streak from an isolated fragment lacking the primitive streak-forming region) ( Fig.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A second possibility is that tension generated by the expanding edges of the area opaca (the ‘margin of overgrowth’; Bellairs et al, 1967 ; Downie, 1976 ; New, 1959 ) plays a role. However, embryo fragments lacking the area opaca can regulate (albeit at reduced frequency) ( Spratt and Haas, 1960 , 1961 and results in the present paper) and, moreover, Spratt's experiments were performed by growing the embryo in the absence of the vitelline membrane and placing directly (in some cases with its ventral surface downwards) on a semi-soft agar substrate to which it cannot adhere and which promotes very limited expansion.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…This represents more than a 200-fold increase in surface area and a rate of expansion of 200–550 µm h −1 [1] (figure 1 a ).This expansion is driven by specialized cells located at the extreme edge of the embryo, which are the only cells that adhere to the inner (yolk-facing) surface of the vitelline membrane (VM). This narrow ring of cells has been called ‘margin of overgrowth’ [2] and spans approximately 40–60 µm [1,35]. Several requirements need to be met for proper expansion of the blastoderm and normal embryo development.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Cells at the edge of the embryo change their shape from initially cuboidal multiple layers to later a squamous and flattened monolayer [ 1 , 3 ]. The extreme edge region has larger cells with larger nuclei, while the immediately proximal region has densely packed cells [ 3 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%