The control of cell motility during embryogenesis

Armstrong, Peter B.

doi:10.1007/bf00047737

Cited by 35 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 210 publications

(188 reference statements)

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“…Much of the information relating to cellular movements within tissues of clusters of cells has been obtained from only a few cell types that are amenable to in vitro culture (Trinkaus, 1984;Armstrong, 1985 ;Fristrom, 1988) or visible because the tissue is transparent (Trinkaus, 1984). It has been argued that in vitro experiments should be interpreted with caution and may not reflect the in vivo situation (Phillips, 1984).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical flow analysis of the ventral cellular layer of the migrating Dictyostelium discoideum slug

Breen¹,

Williams

1994

Microbiology

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A digital image analysis system for extracting motion information from timevarying digital light microscopy images is presented. This system is then used to map out the movement profile of the surface layer of cells in contact with the substratum through the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the migrating Dictyostelium discoideum slug. From digital high magnification light microscopy images, the morphology of moving cells within the tail region of a young migrating wild-type WS380B slug is described, and compared with the morphology of streaming D. discoideum cells. It is shown that: (i) when the migrating tip of the slug touches the agar substrate, cells in the anterior ventral surface layer of the tip region slow dramatically; (ii) overall cell movement in the ventral surface layer of the migrating D. discoideum slug is slower than the movement of the slug as a whole; and (iii) in less than 10% of cases a wave of movement (groups of cells synchronously slowing down and then accelerating forward) propagates down the slug axis a t approx. 1.2 pm s-l. The time interval between waves may be related to the time interval between tip-to-substratum contact that is periodically re-established during normal WS380B slug migration after each aerial projection of the tip.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical flow analysis of the ventral cellular layer of the migrating Dictyostelium discoideum slug

Breen¹,

Williams

1994

Microbiology

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“…Cell-to-cell and cell-to-substratum transitory interactions are necessary for cell ingression, migration and spreading during early embryogenesis. It is known that cell adhesion, cell junctional and substrate adhesion molecules play a fundamental role in modulation of the morphogenetic cell movements, and that the ECM is a highly dynamic component of the developing embryo (see e.g., Ruoslahti et al 1980;Hynes and Yamada 1982;Le Douarin 1984;Armstrong 1985;Thiery etal. 1985;Edelman 1985Edelman , 1988Sanders 1986;Edelman and Gallin 1987;Takeichi 1988;Hynes 1990, for reviews).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fibronectin distribution in the chick embryo during formation of the blastula

et al. 1991

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The distribution of the fibronectin-rich extracellular matrix (ECM) in the chick embryo during formation of the blastula has been evaluated semiquantitatively using an electron microscopical immunogold staining technique. During the first 10 h of postlaying development, fibronectin was found in both embryonic area pellucida and extra-embryonic area opaca of the blastoderm. In the area pellucida, the fibronectin was (1) associated with the basal lamina of the epiblast, (2) present between epiblastic and hypoblastic cells and (3) occasionally internalized in hypoblastic cells. Along the embryonic axis, a transient and high density of ECM was associated with the front of the anteriorly and rapidly expanding hypoblast. Very high density of fibronectin was observed in the marginal zone of the area pellucida, where the epiblastic and deeper cell layers show contacts and intense re-arrangements. In the area opaca, fibronectin was at first found only sporadically between contacting cells, but its density increased steadily and markedly during the first day of development. These rapid and significant changes in the regional distribution of fibronectin-rich ECM are discussed with respect to the early morphogenesis of the chick embryo.

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“…It is essential for movement of unicellular organisms towards a source of nutrients or away from unsuitable conditions, as well as in multicellular organisms for tissue development, immune surveillance and wound healing, just to mention a few roles 1,2,3 . Deregulation of this process can lead to serious neurological, cardiovascular and immunological diseases, as well as exacerbated tumor formation and spread 4,5 .…”

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confidence: 99%

A Quantitative Evaluation of Cell Migration by the Phagokinetic Track Motility Assay

Nogalski

Chan

Stevenson

et al. 2012

JoVE

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Cellular motility is an important biological process for both unicellular and multicellular organisms. It is essential for movement of unicellular organisms towards a source of nutrients or away from unsuitable conditions, as well as in multicellular organisms for tissue development, immune surveillance and wound healing, just to mention a few roles 1,2,3 . Deregulation of this process can lead to serious neurological, cardiovascular and immunological diseases, as well as exacerbated tumor formation and spread 4,5 . Molecularly, actin polymerization and receptor recycling have been shown to play important roles in creating cellular extensions (lamellipodia), that drive the forward movement of the cell 6,7,8 . However, many biological questions about cell migration remain unanswered.The central role for cellular motility in human health and disease underlines the importance of understanding the specific mechanisms involved in this process and makes accurate methods for evaluating cell motility particularly important. Microscopes are usually used to visualize the movement of cells. However, cells move rather slowly, making the quantitative measurement of cell migration a resource-consuming process requiring expensive cameras and software to create quantitative time-lapsed movies of motile cells. Therefore, the ability to perform a quantitative measurement of cell migration that is cost-effective, non-laborious, and that utilizes common laboratory equipment is a great need for many researchers.The phagokinetic track motility assay utilizes the ability of a moving cell to clear gold particles from its path to create a measurable track on a colloidal gold-coated glass coverslip 9,10 . With the use of freely available software, multiple tracks can be evaluated for each treatment to accomplish statistical requirements. The assay can be utilized to assess motility of many cell types, such as cancer cells 11,12 10,[18][19][20][21][22] . The protocol involves the creation of slides coated with gold nanoparticles (Au°) that are generated by a reduction of chloroauric acid (Au 3+ ) by sodium citrate. This method was developed by Turkevich et al. in 1951 23 and then improved in the 1970s by Frens et al. 24,25 . As a result of this chemical reduction step, gold particles (10-20 nm in diameter) precipitate from the reaction mixture and can be applied to glass coverslips, which are then ready for use in cellular migration analyses 9,26,27 . In general, the phagokinetic track motility assay is a quick, quantitative and easy measure of cellular motility. In addition, it can be utilized as a simple high-throughput assay, for use with cell types that are not amenable to time-lapsed imaging, as well as other uses depending on the needs of the researcher. Together, the ability to quantitatively measure cellular motility of multiple cell types without the need for expensive microscopes and software, along with the use of common laboratory equipment and chemicals, make the phagokinetic track motility assay a solid choice for sc...

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The control of cell motility during embryogenesis

Cited by 35 publications

References 210 publications

Optical flow analysis of the ventral cellular layer of the migrating Dictyostelium discoideum slug

Optical flow analysis of the ventral cellular layer of the migrating Dictyostelium discoideum slug

Fibronectin distribution in the chick embryo during formation of the blastula

A Quantitative Evaluation of Cell Migration by the Phagokinetic Track Motility Assay

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