The mechanism of action of oral antidiabetic drugs: A review of recent literature

Bösenberg, L H; Zyl, Danie G. Van

doi:10.1080/22201009.2008.10872177

Cited by 74 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…3 As a single therapy, acarbose is less effective because it is only 2% absorbed. 4 Chronic hyperglycemia can cause many complications such as damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs, especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels. 1 Hyperglycemia has an important contribution in causing complications because of the trigger in free radicals reaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Alpha-Glucosidase and Antioxidant Test of Stem Bark Extracts of Garcinia fruticosa Lauterb

Zahratunnisa¹,

Elya²,

Noviani³

2017

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Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the global health emergencies that characterized by high blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia). Type 2 DM is the most common type in diabetic populations. Inhibition of alphaglucosidase can ameliorate postprandial hyperglycemia that occurs in patients with type 2 DM. Adding antioxidants to the therapy of DM is intended to reduce complications caused by oxidative stress. Some species of Garcinia have been proven to inhibit alpha-glucosidase and have antioxidant activity, but there is no research on Garcinia fruticosa Lauterb. Therefore, the aims of this research were to determine the activity of Garcinia fruticosa Lauterb. stem bark in inhibiting alpha-glucosidase and as an antioxidant. Methods: In this research, the Garcinia fruticosa Lauterb. stem bark was dried, grinded, and extracted by multistage maceration using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Inhibition of alpha-glucosidase test has been done in vitro on concentrated extracts and measured by microplate reader at 400 nm. The antioxidant test has been done using DPPH scavenging method and was measured by microplate reader at 519 nm. Results: Ethyl acetate extract is the most active extract for both test. IC 50 values for inhibition of alpha-glucosidase test are 20.18 µg/mL that is more active than standard (acarbose) which has IC 50 value 141.55 µg/mL. Meanwhile, IC 50 value from an antioxidant test is 8.93 µg/mL that is not more active than standard (quercetin) which has IC 50 value 2.51 µg/mL. Conclusion: Phytochemical screening shows that the ethyl acetate extract contains alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, and tannins.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Alpha-Glucosidase and Antioxidant Test of Stem Bark Extracts of Garcinia fruticosa Lauterb

Zahratunnisa¹,

Elya²,

Noviani³

2017

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“…The presence of these active biological principles especially alakaloids , flavonoids and terpenoids in high concentration in the Anthocleista vogelli stem bark extracts might be responsible for the oral hypoglycaemic effects recorded in the present study. Previous studies have shown that the presence of flavonoids in plants helps in the reduction of fasting blood glucose concentration since flavonoids have been found to stimulate the secretion of insulin [14].The possible mechanism of action might be via the following mechanisms; stimulation of the pancreatic beta cells to secrete insulin, improvement of insulin sensitivity [16], slowing down absorption of carbohydrate and hence slows down glucose production [17]. Hence the higher percentage reduction by the 400 mg/kg of ME can be attributed to its high alkaloid and flavonoid contents compared to the n-hexane extract.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Anti-diabetic Activities of Methanol and n-Hexane Extracts of Anthocleistavogelii (Gentianaceae) Stem Bark in Normoglycemic and Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

2017

ARC Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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“…Availability of such fixed dose combination formulation in the market is likely to lead to the continued usage of sulfonylurea and suboptimal dosage of metformin even right from the time of diabetes diagnosis with all its effects in the patients. Difficult and likely to cause hypoglycemia if the optimal dose of metformin is targeted or maintained *Apart from the risk of effect of severe hypoglycemia on heart, it is also advised that use of the sulfonylurea types (glibenclamide, glipizide, glimepiride and others) that bind the sulfonylurea receptor-2 A and B should be avoided in high-risk patients suspected of having significant coronary artery disease [51]. † Sulfonylureas are often advised to be taken at least 15-20 minutes before a meal [51].…”

Section: Long-term Safety Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

Principle of Management of Type 2 Diabetes: From Clinical, Public Health and Research Perspectives

Bhattarai¹

2018

Diabetes and Its Complications

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Apart from stopping smoking, controlling hypertension and using statin, losing possible excess bodyweight and regular physical activity and exercise are the cornerstones in diabetes management. There is often need of controlling blood glucose immediately. Approach of 'dynamic dose management of medications likely to cause hypoglycemia' helps to control high blood glucose immediately as and when required with sulfonylurea or insulin and to taper off their dose later. Anti-hyperglycemic medications which are unlikely to cause hypoglycemia are continued to control hyperglycemia. The diagnosis of gestational diabetes usually made at 24-28 weeks is applicable for clinical management of mother and child and for possible prevention of diabetes later in the mother. From the public health perspectives, however, protection of the susceptible in utero population from maternal malnutrition or clinical or subclinical hyperglycemia right from the time of conception itself also needs to be considered to control the diabetes epidemic at the population level. Campaigns and programmes for maintenance of optimal pre-pregnancy body weight as per the recommended body mass index of the respective populations along with regular physical activity and exercise during pregnancy are the essential measures available at hand to prevent the possibility of maternal hyperglycemia right from the early pregnancy.

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The mechanism of action of oral antidiabetic drugs: A review of recent literature

Cited by 74 publications

References 53 publications

Inhibition of Alpha-Glucosidase and Antioxidant Test of Stem Bark Extracts of Garcinia fruticosa Lauterb

Inhibition of Alpha-Glucosidase and Antioxidant Test of Stem Bark Extracts of Garcinia fruticosa Lauterb

Comparative Anti-diabetic Activities of Methanol and n-Hexane Extracts of Anthocleistavogelii (Gentianaceae) Stem Bark in Normoglycemic and Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

Principle of Management of Type 2 Diabetes: From Clinical, Public Health and Research Perspectives

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