The mechanism for bacteriophage f2 removal by nanoscale zero-valent iron

Cheng, Rong; Li, Guanqing; Shi, Lei; Xue, Xiangxin; Kang, Myounggon; Zheng, Xiang

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2016.09.025

Cited by 27 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Importantly, we have now clearly demonstrated that ZVI NP-induced toxicity is related to an increase in oxidation and ROS. Upon internalization, ZVI NPs may be oxidized to Fe 2 O 3 , which could further promote ROS production to alter the redox status and kill the bacterial cells [ 41 ]. This process may explain the observed decrease in reductase activity and the increase in PI staining in both Bacillus strains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial effects of zero-valent iron nanoparticles on gram-positive Bacillus strains and gram-negative Escherichia coli strains

et al. 2017

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BackgroundZero-valent iron nanoparticles (ZVI NPs) have been used extensively for the remediation of contaminated soil and groundwater. Owing to their large active surface area, they serve as strong and effective reductants. However, the ecotoxicity and bioavailability of ZVI NPs in diverse ecological media have not been evaluated in detail and most studies have focused on non-nano ZVI or Fe0. In addition, the antimicrobial properties of ZVI NPs have rarely been investigated, and the underlying mechanism of their toxicity remains unknown.ResultsIn the present study, we demonstrate that ZVI NPs exhibited significant toxicity at 1000 ppm against two distinct gram-positive bacterial strains (Bacillus subtilis 3610 and Bacillus thuringiensis 407) but not against two gram-negative strains (Escherichia coli K12 and ATCC11634). Specifically, ZVI NPs caused at least a 4-log and 1-log reductions in cell numbers, respectively, in the two Bacillus strains, whereas no change was detected in the two E. coli strains. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray absorption near-edge, and extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectra confirmed that Bacillus cells exposed to ZVI NPs contained mostly Fe2O3 with some detectable FeS. This finding indicated that Fe0 nanoparticles penetrated the bacterial cells, where they were subsequently oxidized to Fe2O3 and FeS. RedoxSensor analysis and propidium iodide (PI) staining showed decreased reductase activity and increased PI in both Bacillus strains treated with a high (1000 ppm) concentration of ZVI NPs.ConclusionTaken together, these data show that the toxicity of ZVI NPs was derived from their oxidative properties, which may increase the levels of reactive oxygen species and lead to cell death.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial effects of zero-valent iron nanoparticles on gram-positive Bacillus strains and gram-negative Escherichia coli strains

et al. 2017

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“…The discussion on the operating mode of Fe 0 filters for pathogen removal is ongoing despite two important facts [207][208][209][210][211]: (i) Bojic et al [130] have demonstrated that producing metal oxides from a Fe-micro-allowed Al 0 is an efficient tool to remove bacteria from water, and (ii) You et al [194] have demonstrated that Fe 0 filters remove viruses from water. Because Fe 0 filters also remove NOM, they automatically help prevent the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs).…”

Section: Fe 0 Filters For Pathogen Removalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Making Fe0-Based Filters a Universal Solution for Safe Drinking Water Provision

et al. 2017

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Metallic iron (Fe 0 )-based filtration systems have the potential to significantly contribute to the achievement of the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of substantially improving the human condition by 2030 through the provision of clean water. Recent knowledge on Fe 0 -based safe drinking water filters is addressed herein. They are categorized into two types: Household and community filters. Design criteria are recalled and operational details are given. Scientists are invited to co-develop knowledge enabling the exploitation of the great potential of Fe 0 filters for sustainable safe drinking water provision (and sanitation).

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“…Fe 2+ ions alone (0.1 mM) have been reported to inactivate up to 1.5log of MS2 phages compared to 4log in the case of the Fenton process (a mixture of Fe 2+ ions with H 2 O 2 ) [ 34 ]. Fe 2+ has a more substantial effect on f2 than Fe 3+ , probably owing to the limited solubility of the latter [ 25 , 36 ]. Differences in the titer reduction arise from varying susceptibility to ferrous inactivation in MS2, φ X174, and mammalian viruses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles (nZVI) on Bacteriophages

Raza

Folga

Łoś

et al. 2022

Viruses

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Bacteriophages are viruses that attack and usually kill bacteria. Their appearance in the industrial facilities using bacteria to produce active compounds (e.g., drugs, food, cosmetics, etc.) causes considerable financial losses. Instances of bacteriophage resistance towards disinfectants and decontamination procedures (such as thermal inactivation and photocatalysis) have been reported. There is a pressing need to explore new ways of phage inactivation that are environmentally neutral, inexpensive, and more efficient. Here, we study the effect of zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) on four different bacteriophages (T4, T7, MS2, M13). The reduction of plaque-forming units (PFU) per mL varies from greater than 7log to around 0.5log depending on bacteriophages (M13 and T7, respectively). A comparison of the importance of oxidation of nZVI versus the release of Fe2+/Fe3+ ions is shown. The mechanism of action is proposed in connection to redox reactions, adsorption of virions on nZVI, and the effect of released iron ions. The nZVI constitutes a critical addition to available antiphagents (i.e., anti-bacteriophage agents).

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The mechanism for bacteriophage f2 removal by nanoscale zero-valent iron

Cited by 27 publications

References 29 publications

Antimicrobial effects of zero-valent iron nanoparticles on gram-positive Bacillus strains and gram-negative Escherichia coli strains

Antimicrobial effects of zero-valent iron nanoparticles on gram-positive Bacillus strains and gram-negative Escherichia coli strains

Making Fe0-Based Filters a Universal Solution for Safe Drinking Water Provision

The Effect of Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles (nZVI) on Bacteriophages

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