The mechanical properties of bone cements

Abstract

The mechanical properties of a number of commercially available bone cements have been investigated. Tests were carried out on specimens in compression, in bending and in tension. Using the compression test as a standard, the effects of the following variables were studied: the addition of antibiotics, strain rate, environmental temperature, and age. It was concluded that age, temperature and rate of straining have a marked effect on the strength of the cement, while the addition of small quantities of antibiotics only marginally weakens the cement.

A simple method of determining the modulus of orthopedic bone cement

“…There was no significant difference between the biaxial modulus of Simplex and that of Osteobond (p Ͻ 0.001). The results for all tests indicate that the respective magnitudes of the results are consistent with the known strain rate characteristics of acrylic surgical cements 16,35 and are in agreement with earlier studies (Table V).…”

“…The results support the wellknown strain dependence of this type of material. 16 The compressive modulus corresponding to the strain rate required by the International Standard (ISO5833) was 2.34 GPa (1.67/min). For all acrylic cements tested, the compressive modulus ranged from 2.15-2.79 GPa.…”

Stress analysis of cemented glenoid prostheses in Total Shoulder Arthroplasty

“…Cement is strong in compression, but weak in tension. The failure strength (tensile) of cement has been reported to be 25 MPa (Lee et al, 1977;Saha and Pal, 1984). Results indicated that the stresses generated in the cement mantle for both the designs during unloaded abduction were below its failure strength.…”

Strength of polymethylmethacrylate increased by vacuum mixing

“…The low viscosity cement was more easily mixed, which could account for there being less air in the cement and could to some extent explain the better strength regardless of the handling method. A relatively small overpressure has been reported to give better strength and a clearer, more transparent cement (Debrunner et al 1976, Lee et al 1977, Ling 1980. If pressurization is used during insertion of the prosthesis, this would mainly reduce monomer porosity.…”