The mechanical characteristics of cancellous bone at the upper femoral region

Martens, Magni; Audekercke, Remy Van; Delport, Piet; Meester, Paul De; Mulier, J. C.

doi:10.1016/0021-9290(83)90098-2

Cited by 210 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Mineral content, as measured by percent ash, is strongly correlated to elastic modulus, strength, and fracture toughness of cortical bone (Martens et al, 1983;Currey, 1988;McCalden et al, 1993;Currey et al, 1996). The strong influence of mineral content on mechanical properties is expected to be true for calcified fibrocartilage, since in this investigation it was shown that mineral constituted 72% of the mass fraction of calcified fibrocartilage in the human.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Experimental confirmation of the sheep model for studying the role of calcified fibrocartilage in hip fractures and tendon attachments

Shea¹,

Hallows²,

Bloebaum³

2002

Anat. Rec.

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Research has shown that there is a dramatic increase in the fractional area of calcified fibrocartilage from tendon and capsular insertions on the human femoral neck Shea et al., 2001b). Additional information regarding the properties of the proximal femur's cortical shell, gained from the use of an animal model, may result in a better understanding of elderly hip fracture since the cortical shell is a significant contributor to the strength of the proximal femur. The objective of the present study was to determine if the greater trochanter's tendon insertions of the human, rat, and sheep differ in terms of morphology and mineralization. The tendons of the greater trochanter of the human, rat, and sheep were observed to insert via a fibrocartilage insertion. The mineral content of the human and sheep calcified fibrocartilage was significantly higher than that of the rat calcified fibrocartilage (P Ͻ 0.01). Additionally, the mineral content of the rat cortical bone was significantly higher than that of the human cortical bone (P Ͻ 0.01). The mineral content of the calcified fibrocartilage and bone of the human and sheep were not statistically different from each other. There were also more similarities between the bone structure and lacunae density of the human and sheep than between the human and the rat. This suggests that the tendon insertions of the sheep are a better model than the tendon insertions of the rat for the investigation of calcified fibrocartilage in elderly hip fractures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Experimental confirmation of the sheep model for studying the role of calcified fibrocartilage in hip fractures and tendon attachments

Shea¹,

Hallows²,

Bloebaum³

2002

Anat. Rec.

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“…Individuals with hypermineralized bone tissue would be at an increased risk for fracture because their high level of mineralization causes increased brittleness (Boyce and Bloebaum, 1993). Individuals with hypomineralized tissue have lower compressive strength (Leichter et al, 1982;Martens et al, 1983;McCalden et al, 1997). The possible existence of these subpopulations with excessively high or low mineralization is very important because it may explain the confusion in the literature regarding the existence and extent of aging changes in mineralization (Smith et al, 1975;Mosekilde et al, 1987;Parfitt, 1993;Lundeen et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Instead, the trabecular bone had lower levels of mineralization in the older population. Two other studies, however, found that ash did not change with age (Smith et al, 1975;Martens et al, 1983). One used a bone mineral analyzer on whole bone in the radius (Smith et al, 1975), and the other used bulk ash fraction measurements in the proximal femur (Marten et al, 1983).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Age‐Related mineralization heterogeneity changes in trabecular bone of the proximal femur

et al. 2004

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Although there is extensive documentation in the literature regarding the importance of trabecular bone for proximal femoral integrity and fracture resistance, there remain gaps in our understanding of the basic mineral changes that may occur in trabecular bone attributable to aging. It is unclear what age-related changes take place in the trabecular bone of the proximal femur, a common fracture site in the elderly. It has been suggested that some explanation for conflicting reports on cancellous bone may be found at a microscopic level. The goal of this study was to document age-related changes in micromineralization in the proximal femur of Caucasian females using backscattered electron imaging technology. Proximal femurs were obtained from 11 young and 11 elderly females. Sections of bone from the superior and inferior neck and superior and inferior trochanter were analyzed in a scanning electron microscope using the backscatter technique to determine ash percent. Mean ash percent did not change with age in any of the four regions (P Ͼ 0.05). However, while the mean ash percent did not change, there was a dramatic increase in variability elderly age group and loss of mineral heterogeneity. This indicates that there are subpopulations with higher or lower ash percents than the mean in the elderly study group in this investigation. While variance changed dramatically, variance within individuals did not change significantly with age (P Ͼ 0.05). The results of this study suggest that changes in micromineralization may occur within an individual, adding a possible new dimension to our understanding of fracture risk in the elderly. Future studies should examine a longer population base to confirm this observation. Published 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. †

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“…P = periosteum; C = cortex; E = endosteum. Scanning Electron Micrography; bar 100 µm cal bone abundance are due to a specific response to different mechanical loads and strains in humans and rats bones during locomotion (Martens et al 1983). The femur in humans, especially the femoral neck, is exposed to higher mechanical load during bipedal locomotion than the femur in rats.…”

Section: Lacuno-canalicular Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it was shown that in rats cancellous bone tissue occupies a proportionally smaller area than in humans (Bagi et al 1997). Despite this, humans have more cancellous bone tissue which increases the total strength of the femur and acts like a load conductor, allowing bipedal locomotion (Wolff 1892;Pugh et al 1973;Martens et al 1983;Parfitt 1984Parfitt 1987. In addition, humans have two kinds of cancellous bone tissue: peripheral and central part of the cancellous bone.…”

Section: Microarchitecture Of Cancellous Bone Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of the microarchitecture of lower limb long bones between some animal models and humans: a review

Cvetković¹,

Najman²,

Rajković³

et al. 2013

Vet. Med.

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Animal models are unavoidable and indispensable research tools in the fields of bone tissue engineering and experimental orthopaedics. The fact that there is not ideal animal model as well as the differences in the bone microarchitecture and physiology between animals and humans are complicate factors and make model implementation difficult. Therefore, the tendency should be directed towards extrapolation of the results from one animal model to another or from animal model to humans. So far, this is the first paper which provides an overview on the microarchitecture of lower limb long bones and discusses data related to osteon diameter, osteon canal diameter and their orientation, as well as intracortical canals and trabecular tissue microarchitecture in commonly used animal models compared to humans depending on age, gender and anatomical location of the bone. Understanding the differences between animal model and human bone microarchitecture should enable a more accurate extrapolation of experimental results from one animal model to another or from animal models to humans in the fields of bone tissue engineering and experimental orthopaedics. Also, this should be helpful in making decisions on which animal models are the most suitable for particular preclinical testing.

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The mechanical characteristics of cancellous bone at the upper femoral region

Cited by 210 publications

References 10 publications

Experimental confirmation of the sheep model for studying the role of calcified fibrocartilage in hip fractures and tendon attachments

Experimental confirmation of the sheep model for studying the role of calcified fibrocartilage in hip fractures and tendon attachments

Age‐Related mineralization heterogeneity changes in trabecular bone of the proximal femur

A comparison of the microarchitecture of lower limb long bones between some animal models and humans: a review

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