Experimental confirmation of the sheep model for studying the role of calcified fibrocartilage in hip fractures and tendon attachments

Shea, Jill E.; Hallows, Rhett K.; Bloebaum, Roy D.

doi:10.1002/ar.10051

Cited by 12 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…However, there was still variability in the levels of perfusion between the different specimens. Additionally, there may have been differences in the levels of perfusion between the calcified fibrocartilage and cortical bone, since these two tissues have distinct material properties (Shea et al, 2001(Shea et al, , 2002. Therefore, when quantifying vessels it was necessary to use vessel morphology in combination with identification of India ink-filled vessels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ten ewes of the Suffolk breed, 3-5 years old, were used to investigate the vascularity of the proximal femur (Shea et al, 2002). The sheep were perfused through the descending aorta with a mixture of polyvinylpyrolidinone, heparin, and procaine hydrochloride in saline to clear the blood from the vascular network, with the excess perfusate being drained from the inferior vena cava (Forssmann et al, 1977).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, the mineralization and general morphology of the hypermineralized calcified fibrocartilage and cortical bone of the proximal femur are similar in sheep and humans (Shea et al, 2002). Therefore, the goal of this investigation was to quantify and compare the microvascularity of the cortical bone and calcified fibrocartilage of the proximal femur.…”

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Microvascularization of the hypermineralized calcified fibrocartilage and cortical bone in the sheep proximal femur

et al. 2002

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It is well known that the incidence of hip fractures is increasing as the population ages, and that vascularity is one of the most important characteristics for any tissue (the proximal femur being no exception). Additionally, calcified fibrocartilage from tendon and ligament insertions comprises a significant portion of the fractional area of the proximal femur's cortical shell. The goal of the present investigation was to quantify and compare the microvascularity of the cortical bone and calcified fibrocartilage of the proximal femur in a sheep model. There were no regional differences in the vascular density of the cortical bone. However, the calcified fibrocartilage from tendon and capsular insertions were determined to be avascular, and regions of the proximal femur with insertions lacked a vascularized periosteum. If a vessel was present in the calcified fibrocartilage, it was located within an isolated region of bone tissue or osteoid. Since blood vessels appear to be a significant contributor to the health and remodeling of mineralized tissue, it is hypothesized that the large areas of avascular calcified fibrocartilage present on the elderly femoral neck may predispose these regions to damage accumulation. Therefore future research should examine the role of the vascularity to the proximal femur in the mechanisms of numerous pathological conditions, such as avascular necrosis, osteopenia, and hip fractures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microvascularization of the hypermineralized calcified fibrocartilage and cortical bone in the sheep proximal femur

et al. 2002

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“…An Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee-approved ovine model was chosen to assess the remodeling capacity of calcified fibrocartilage compared to underlying cortical bone because the model has been shown to be a suitable investigative correlate for human bone due to similar morphological features for both cortical bone and calcified fibrocartilage (Shea et al, 2002a).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remodeling capacity of calcified fibrocartilage of the hip

Bloebaum

Kopp

2004

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It is well known that the incidence of hip fractures increases exponentially with age and that hip fractures can be a major cause of morbidity and morality among elderly humans; this has prompted substantial research on hip fractures. The majority of research on hip fractures has focused on morphological changes of the proximal femur with age. Recently calcified fibrocartilage in the proximal femur has been shown to increase in fractional area with age and can ultimately make up to 60% of the fractional area of the cortex. However, the capacity of the tissue to remodel and heal is currently unknown. The purpose of the present study was to determine the remodeling capacity of calcified fibrocartilage on the proximal femur compared to the underlying cortical bone. The remodeling capacity of calcified fibrocartilage and cortical bone was assessed in adult female sheep by means of tetracycline labeling. The number of double and single labels within each tissue type was quantified and analyzed with a paired t-test. The data showed very few labels in the calcified fibrocartilage compared to the cortical bone. This indicated that calcified fibrocartilage lacked a capacity to remodel in a manner similar to bone. The results of this investigation demonstrate that while the underlying cortical bone was actively remodeling, the calcified fibrocartilage appeared to have no remodeling capacity similar to that of cortical bone.

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“…Because of poor healing capacity in TBI and TBI healing is often delayed in both experimental models [36,37] and patients [38], how to accelerate its healing process therefore becomes a focus of our musculoskeletal research, including studies using rotator cuff model in dogs [39] and in rats [40] as well as studies from authors' group where we used partial patellectomy model in both goats [33] and rabbits[41-44]. Apart from testing better fixation protocols, such experimental models provide a useful platform for evaluation of potential biological and biophysical interventions developed for the acceleration and/or enhancement of TBI repair.…”

Section: Animal Models For the Study Of Tbi Healingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology and augmentation of tendon-bone insertion repair

et al. 2010

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Surgical reattachment of tendon and bone such as in rotator cuff repair, patellar-patella tendon repair and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction often fails due to the failure of regeneration of the specialized tissue ("enthesis") which connects tendon to bone. Tendon-to-bone healing taking place between inhomogenous tissues is a slow process compared to healing within homogenous tissue, such as tendon to tendon or bone to bone healing. Therefore special attention must be paid to augment tendon to bone insertion (TBI) healing. Apart from surgical fixation, biological and biophysical interventions have been studied aiming at regeneration of TBI healing complex, especially the regeneration of interpositioned fibrocartilage and new bone at the healing junction. This paper described the biology and the factors influencing TBI healing using patella-patellar tendon (PPT) healing and tendon graft to bone tunnel healing in ACL reconstruction as examples. Recent development in the improvement of TBI healing and directions for future studies were also reviewed and discussed.

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Experimental confirmation of the sheep model for studying the role of calcified fibrocartilage in hip fractures and tendon attachments

Cited by 12 publications

References 48 publications

Microvascularization of the hypermineralized calcified fibrocartilage and cortical bone in the sheep proximal femur

Microvascularization of the hypermineralized calcified fibrocartilage and cortical bone in the sheep proximal femur

Remodeling capacity of calcified fibrocartilage of the hip

Biology and augmentation of tendon-bone insertion repair

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