The mechanical anisotropy in a tissue promotes ordering in hexagonal cell packing

Sugimura, Kaoru; Ishihara, Shuji

doi:10.1242/dev.094060

Cited by 100 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Numerical simulations provide benchmark data in controlled conditions, to validate an experimental measurement and test its sensitivity to a parameter or to errors (Landsberg et al, 2009;Ishihara et al, 2013;Brodland et al, 2014;Bambardekar et al, 2015). Finally, comparing experiments with analytical models or numerical simulations enables us to refine the interpretation of experimental results and extract from them more information, such as material properties, or quantities that are not directly accessible to experiments (Farhadifar et al, 2007;Krieg et al, 2008;Rauzi et al, 2008;Mayer et al, 2010;Bonnet et al, 2012;Maître et al, 2012;Sugimura and Ishihara, 2013;Forouzesh et al, 2013).…”

Section: Links With Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring forces and stressesin situin living tissues

2016

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Development, homeostasis and regeneration of tissues result from a complex combination of genetics and mechanics, and progresses in the former have been quicker than in the latter. Measurements of in situ forces and stresses appear to be increasingly important to delineate the role of mechanics in development. We review here several emerging techniques: contact manipulation, manipulation using light, visual sensors, and non-mechanical observation techniques. We compare their fields of applications, their advantages and limitations, and their validations. These techniques complement measurements of deformations and of mechanical properties. We argue that such approaches could have a significant impact on our understanding of the development of living tissues in the near future.

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Section: Links With Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring forces and stressesin situin living tissues

2016

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“…Planar vertex models have successfully been used to capture experimental phenomenology, such as the influence of mechanically driven cell rearrangements on epithelial cell patterns and morphogenesis (3,4) as well as to infer epithelial tissue internal stresses (6,36) and to examine their influence on cell proliferation (12). A recent study (17), which motivated our work, has initiated the use of vertex models for the study of nonplanar epithelium deformations.…”

Section: A Test Case: Buckling Driven By Tissue Inhomogeneitymentioning

confidence: 99%

From Discrete to Continuum Models of Three-Dimensional Deformations in Epithelial Sheets

Murisic

Hakim

Kevrekidis

et al. 2015

Biophysical Journal

111

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Epithelial tissue, in which cells adhere tightly to each other and to the underlying substrate, is one of the four major tissue types in adult organisms. In embryos, epithelial sheets serve as versatile substrates during the formation of developing organs. Some aspects of epithelial morphogenesis can be adequately described using vertex models, in which the two-dimensional arrangement of epithelial cells is approximated by a polygonal lattice with an energy that has contributions reflecting the properties of individual cells and their interactions. Previous studies with such models have largely focused on dynamics confined to two spatial dimensions and analyzed them numerically. We show how these models can be extended to account for three-dimensional deformations and studied analytically. Starting from the extended model, we derive a continuum plate description of cell sheets, in which the effective tissue properties, such as bending rigidity, are related explicitly to the parameters of the vertex model. To derive the continuum plate model, we duly take into account a microscopic shift between the two sublattices of the hexagonal network, which has been ignored in previous work. As an application of the continuum model, we analyze tissue buckling by a line tension applied along a circular contour, a simplified set-up relevant to several situations in the developmental contexts. The buckling thresholds predicted by the continuum description are in good agreement with the results of stability calculations based on the vertex model. Our results establish a direct connection between discrete and continuum descriptions of cell sheets and can be used to probe a wide range of morphogenetic processes in epithelial tissues.

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“…The average cell in a simple epithelium has six neighbours, each with two hexagonal faces (apical and basal) and six trapezoidal faces (lateral) (figure 2a,c,e,h). Some epithelia have a more pronounced hexagonal packing than others, which may be a biological response to physical stress [33]. For purposes of geometric analysis, in the interest of simplicity, we also model the cells' packing in a simple epithelium as a rectangular, rather than hexagonal, grid (figure 2b,d).…”

Section: Geometry Of Cell Packing In a Simple Epitheliummentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying cellular and subcellular stretches in embryonic lung epithelia under peristalsis: where to look for mechanosensing

Bokka

Jesudason

Warburton³

et al. 2016

Interface Focus.

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Peristalsis begins in the lung as soon as the smooth muscle (SM) forms, and persists until birth. As the prenatal lung is filled with liquid, SM action can, through lumen pressure, deform tissues far from the immediately adjacent tissues. Stretching of embryonic tissues has been shown to have potent morphogenetic effects. We hypothesize that these effects are at work in lung morphogenesis. In order to refine that broad hypothesis in a quantitative framework, we geometrically analyse cell shapes in an epithelial tissue, and individual cell deformations resulting from peristaltic waves that completely occlude the airway. Typical distortions can be very large, with opposite orientations in the stalk and tip regions. Apical distortions are always greater than basal distortions. We give a quantitative estimate of the relationship between length of occluded airway and the resulting tissue stretch in the distal tip. We refine our analysis of cell stresses and strains from peristalsis with a simple mechanical model of deformation of cells within an epithelium, which accounts for basic subcellular geometry and material properties. The model identifies likely stress concentrations near the nucleus and at the apical cell -cell junction. The surprisingly large strains of airway peristalsis may serve to rearrange cells and stimulate other mechanosensitive processes by repeatedly aligning cytoskeletal components and/or breaking and reforming lateral cell -cell adhesions. Stress concentrations between nuclei of adjacent cells may serve as a mechanical control mechanism guiding the alignment of nuclei as an epithelium matures.

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The mechanical anisotropy in a tissue promotes ordering in hexagonal cell packing

Cited by 100 publications

References 51 publications

Measuring forces and stressesin situin living tissues

Measuring forces and stressesin situin living tissues

From Discrete to Continuum Models of Three-Dimensional Deformations in Epithelial Sheets

Quantifying cellular and subcellular stretches in embryonic lung epithelia under peristalsis: where to look for mechanosensing

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