Measuring forces and stresses<i>in situ</i>in living tissues

Sugimura, Kaoru; Lenne, Pierre-François; Graner, François

doi:10.1242/dev.119776

Cited by 185 publications

(179 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Experimental work in recent years has started to shed light on the coupling between mechanics and bio‐signaling during morphogenesis, in particular, seeking to reveal the interplay between mechanics and morphogen gradients . Advances in microscopy and the development of biophysical tools to apply controlled mechanical stresses are making it possible to examine how mechanical processes actively contribute to patterning during morphogenesis . For example, recent studies provide quantitative understanding of the internal force generation by the cytoskeleton in cells and tissues and its effect on cell–cell interactions and tissue deformations during morphogenesis .…”

Section: Morphogenesis As An Integrated Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydra Regeneration: Closing the Loop with Mechanical Processes in Morphogenesis

Braun

Keren

2018

BioEssays

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The convergence of morphogenesis into viable organisms under variable conditions suggests closed-loop dynamics involving multiscale functional feedback. We develop the idea that morphogenesis is based on synergy between mechanical and bio-signaling processes, spanning all levels of organization: molecular, cellular, tissue, up to the whole organism. This synergy provides feedback within and between all levels of organization, to close the loop between the dynamics of the morphogenesis process and its robust functional outcome. Hydra offer a powerful platform to explore this direction, thanks to their simple body plan, extraordinary regeneration capabilities, and the accessibility and flexibility of their tissues. Our recent experiments show that structural inheritance of the actomyosin organization directs body-axis formation during Hydra regeneration. Morphogenesis is then stabilized through dynamic cytoskeletal reorganization induced by the inherited structure. The observed cytoskeletal stability and reorganization capabilities suggest that mechanical feedback integrates with biochemical processes to establish viable patterns and ensure canalization.

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Section: Morphogenesis As An Integrated Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydra Regeneration: Closing the Loop with Mechanical Processes in Morphogenesis

Braun

Keren

2018

BioEssays

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“…Dissecting their distinct contributions and, more generally, connecting the molecular information that orchestrates development to the mechanical processes that sculpt tissues, requires direct measurements of tissue mechanics during embryogenesis. While several techniques exist to probe mechanical forces in living tissues 10,11 , measuring the mechanical properties of developing 3D tissues and organs in vivo and in situ remains a considerable challenge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo quantification of spatially varying mechanical properties in developing tissues

et al. 2016

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It is generally believed that the mechanical properties of the cellular microenvironment and their spatiotemporal variations play a central role in sculpting embryonic tissues, maintaining organ architecture and controlling cell behavior, including cell differentiation. However, no direct in vivo and in situ measurement of mechanical properties within developing 3D tissues and organs has been performed yet. Here we introduce a technique that employs biocompatible ferrofluid microdroplets as local mechanical actuators and allows quantitative spatiotemporal measurements of mechanical properties in vivo. Using this technique, we show that vertebrate body elongation entails spatially-varying tissue mechanics along the anteroposterior axis. Specifically, we find that the zebrafish tailbud is viscoelastic (elastic below a few seconds and fluid after just one minute) and displays decreasing stiffness and increasing fluidity towards its posterior elongating region. This method opens new avenues to study mechanobiology in vivo, both in embryogenesis and in disease processes, including cancer.

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“…Most of the existing techniques able to measure mechanics in vivo were developed to measure different aspects of cellular or tissue forces (or stresses) [111,112]. While some techniques can measure the material properties of tissues ex vivo , in vivo and in situ measurements of local tissue mechanical properties remain extraordinarily rare.…”

Section: Methodologies To Probe the Mechanics Of Living Embryonic mentioning

confidence: 99%

A toolbox to explore the mechanics of living embryonic tissues

Campàs

2016

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology

119

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The sculpting of embryonic tissues and organs into their functional morphologies involves the spatial and temporal regulation of mechanics at cell and tissue scales. Decades of in vitro work, complemented by some in vivo studies, have shown the relevance of mechanical cues in the control of cell behaviors that are central to developmental processes, but the lack of methodologies enabling precise, quantitative measurements of mechanical cues in vivo have hindered our understanding of the role of mechanics in embryonic development. Several methodologies are starting to enable quantitative studies of mechanics in vivo and in situ, opening new avenues to explore how mechanics contributes to shaping embryonic tissues and how it affects cell behavior within developing embryos. Here we review the present methodologies to study the role of mechanics in living embryonic tissues, considering their strengths and drawbacks as well as the conditions in which they are most suitable.

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Measuring forces and stressesin situin living tissues

Cited by 185 publications

References 84 publications

Hydra Regeneration: Closing the Loop with Mechanical Processes in Morphogenesis

Hydra Regeneration: Closing the Loop with Mechanical Processes in Morphogenesis

In vivo quantification of spatially varying mechanical properties in developing tissues

A toolbox to explore the mechanics of living embryonic tissues

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