The Measurement of Goal Orientation in Sport: Psychometric Properties of the Polish Version of the Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ)

Abstract

The main aim of the study is a comprehensive assessment of psychometric properties of the Polish version of Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ) in sport. Apart from standard psychometric evaluation, the paper presents an analysis of item reliability through the use of Item Response Theory, as well as the analysis of relationships between sport type, level of participation, gender and goal orientation level. The study covered 412 people aged M = 23.46 (SD = 5.40). The Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ), the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ) and the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS-28) were used. High reliability of POSQ ego subscale (α = 0.89, ω = 0.89) and POSQ task subscale (α = 0.90, ω = 0.91) were noted. The test-retest correlations at the two-week interval were ICC = 0.91 for ego subscale, and ICC = 0.71 for task subscale, respectively. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a relatively good fit of the two-factor model to the data (CFI = 0.94). Relationships between the goal orientation measured by the POSQ questionnaire and motivational traits measured by TEOSQ and SMS-28 were obtained. It was also shown that high-performance athletes had higher scores on the ego factor than recreational athletes. Moreover, men had higher scores on the ego factor than women. The Perception of Success Questionnaire (Polish version) is characterized by satisfactory psychometric properties and can be used for scientific research and diagnosis.

Goal Orientation and Physical Activity: Psychometric Properties of the Polish Version of the Goal Orientation in Exercise Measure (GOEM)

“…The ego subscale provided a large amount of information for the average level of the measured trait, while the task subscale provided more information for lower and average values of the measured trait. These results are largely consistent with previously obtained IRT results for Polish versions of the TEOSQ and POSQ questionnaires [ 14 , 15 ]. In particular, it is worth considering how the reliability of the task subscale items could be improved in high trait values.…”

“…This effect was shown, among others, by Kilpatrick in his GOES scale research [ 16 ]. It was also revealed in research on the Polish validation of the POSQ scale in sport [ 15 ]. This aspect might, for example, have an evolutionary as well as a social basis.…”

“…However, in the context of the assumed indicators, the model obtained for the Polish version of the GOEM scale is acceptable. Moreover, the fit indices for the Polish version of the GOEM questionnaire were better than the fit indices for the Polish versions of the TEOSQ and POSQ questionnaires used to determine goal orientation in sport [ 14 , 15 ]. Furthermore, by analyzing the changes in CFI and RMSEA, the configural, metric and strict equivalence of the gender measurement of the GOEM questionnaire can be assumed.…”

“…They enjoy the state of intense involvement in an exercise, trying to perform as well as possible. In contrast, individuals who are characterized by an ego orientation during exercise feel justified when they perform the exercise better than other participants, and can manifest superiority in this regard [ 8 , 9 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Participation in physical activity seems to be naturally related to task orientation [ 16 , 17 ].…”

Achievement goal orientations, sport motivation and competitive performance in beach volleyball players

“…Regarding important psychological outcomes, task and ego orientations have been found to predict different dimensions of sports motivation (Duda, 2013;Mudrak et al, 2018;Texeira et al, 2020;Tomczak et al, 2020aTomczak et al, , 2020b. The conceptualization of sports motivation stemming from self-determination theory (Mallet et al, 2007;Mudrak et al, 2018;Vallerand & Losier, 1999) suggests that self-determined motivation based on interest and enjoyment (intrinsic motivation) and identity (integrated regulation) or focused on self-development (identified regulation) is positively associated with a number of positive consequences in athletes, including effort; engagement; and lower incidence of stress, burnout, risk behavior, or drop-out.…”