The Meaning of Human Factors

Hawkins, Frank H

doi:10.4324/9781351218580-1

Cited by 8 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…The mechanism of the epidemiological model is that an accident is the result of a combination of an active failure and many latent conditions that were put in place directly and indirectly by humans and existed before the accident occurred and that the way to prevent accidents is to rectify the active failure and the latent conditions. The SHEL model is developed to cover all the human factors associated with accidents 15 . Using the SHEL model at the scene of an accident allows investigators to collect a comprehensive set of accident-related evidence at the investigation stage, leading to active failure and many latent conditions, and to draw safety measures derived from this investigation and analysis 16 .…”

Section: A New Approach For Explosion Accident Prevention In Chemical...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A new approach for explosion accident prevention in chemical research laboratories at universities

Fukuoka

Furusho

2022

Sci Rep

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Over the years, many accidents have occurred during chemical experiments in laboratories around the world. However, the methods of investigating and analysing accidents that have occurred at universities have not been consolidated, and the lessons learned from these accidents have not been shared. In this study, accident investigation reports of explosions in chemistry laboratories at two universities were analysed with an analysis tool based on the software/hardware/environment/liveware (SHEL) model. As a result, university accidents were classified as epidemiological models, and it became clear that the contributing factors to the accidents, which were investigated and analysed using the SHEL model, can be used as learning experiences and therefore applied for the prevention of accidents at other universities. Universities around the world need to come together to formulate research and analysis methods, rules for creating accident reports, etc. and provide a place for sharing information that will enable them to make use of the lessons learned from all kinds of accidents.

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Section: A New Approach For Explosion Accident Prevention In Chemical...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A new approach for explosion accident prevention in chemical research laboratories at universities

Fukuoka

Furusho

2022

Sci Rep

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“…The categorical data items included information such as the parties involved and the factors related to the incident occurrence. We divided the factors related to the incident occurrence into software (procedures and protocols), environment (wards and theaters), and liveware (people including care workers, nursery teachers, and patients), following previous studies [ 18 , 19 ]. Textual data items described the details of the situation, related factors, and patient outcomes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reported Incidents Involving Non-medical Care Workers and Nursery Teachers in Hospitals in Japan: An Analysis of the Japan Council for Quality Health Care Nationwide Database

Akiyama¹,

Kajiwara²,

Shiroiwa³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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With the shortage of medical staff, the birth rate decline, and aging populations in some countries, task shifting from specific medical staff to non-medical care workers in hospitals has been implemented as a short-term solution. Incident reporting reduces preventable patient errors, improves the quality of healthcare services, and contributes to patient safety. However, research focused on the expanding roles of non-medical staff who provide direct care for patients is lacking. The present study aimed to bridge this gap by examining reported incidents involving non-medical care workers and nursery teachers in hospitals in Japan. MethodologyA retrospective mixed-methods study was conducted using data published by the Japan Council for Quality Health Care. A total of 21,876 cases were reported between 2016 and 2020, and 97 out of 21,876 cases were analysed, after excluding incidents involving workers or staff other than care workers/nursery teachers. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the incidents, and textual data included in the incident reports were analysed by two registered nurses. ResultsThe occupations of the people involved were care worker (n=80, 82.5%) and nursery teacher (n=17, 17.5%). There were two reports of worker injuries (n=2, 2.1%), which were excluded. A total of 95 cases were included in the final analysis to examine the effects on patients. Among the remaining 95 cases, there were five severe patient incidents (death, n=2, 2.1%; cerebral hemorrhage, n=3, 3.2%), and the most frequent incident was bone fracture (n=64, 67.4%). Some patients had cognitive impairment (n=29, 30.5%) and osteoporosis (n=25, 26.3%). We divided the factors related to incident occurrence into software (procedures and protocols), environment (wards and theaters), and liveware (people, including care workers, nursery teachers, and patients). Regarding the reasons for the incidents, the percentages for the three factors were as follows: education/training 34.7% (n=33), in software; patient state 4.1% (n=39), in environment; and neglect to observe 45.3% (n=43), in liveware. ConclusionOur study involved a secondary analysis of published data, and the sample size was small. However, incident reports from care workers and nursery teachers working in hospitals included serious errors. The role of non-medical care staff in hospitals is broad and diverse, and has been shifting from direct care for patients with mild illnesses to direct care for patients with severe illnesses. An efficient clinical environment that ensures quality of care and service is lacking. By focusing on patient safety outcomes, policymakers and hospital teams should consider adjusting the working environment.

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“…Later Hawkins (1984) modified to signify the interactive nature of liveware to liveware relationship. The Environment component of SHEL model helps in analyzing the human performance modeling from the organizational, regulatory and social aspect (Hawkins, 1993;Issac and Ruitenberg, 1999). Kirchner and Laurig (1971) emphasized on organization related factors such as job design, workload, organizational work-condition and job satisfaction as a key area of ergonomics to design an effective ATC system.…”

Section: The Shel Model and Its Extensionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aviation industry is characterized by a complex structure and dynamic advancement of technology which inherently put forth a challenge to work performance of human pertaining to the ever changing environment, concurrent task demand, time pressure and tactical constraint (Sheridan, 2002). In most of the air accidents, it is observed that slack in human performance plays a vital role (Hawkins, 1993;Chang and Yeh, 2004). As 'Swiss Cheese' model indicates that most of the air accidents are multi-causal in nature, therefore the residual threats for the accidents often result from the interaction of multiple human factors and resulting in the cumulative impact on performance (Edwards et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the human performance factors of air traffic control in Thailand using Fuzzy Multi Criteria Decision Making method

Pandey

Shukla

2019

Journal of Air Transport Management

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The Meaning of Human Factors

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

A new approach for explosion accident prevention in chemical research laboratories at universities

A new approach for explosion accident prevention in chemical research laboratories at universities

Reported Incidents Involving Non-medical Care Workers and Nursery Teachers in Hospitals in Japan: An Analysis of the Japan Council for Quality Health Care Nationwide Database

Evaluating the human performance factors of air traffic control in Thailand using Fuzzy Multi Criteria Decision Making method

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