The May 15, 2020 M 6.5 Monte Cristo Range, Nevada, earthquake: eyes in the sky, boots on the ground, and a chance for students to learn

Chorsi, Taha Sadeghi; Braunmiller, Jochen; Deng, F.; Mueller, Nicholas; Kerstetter, Scott; Stern, Robert J.; Dixon, Timothy H.

doi:10.1080/00206814.2021.2000507

Cited by 3 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…Issues like seismic overshoot (where maximum coseismic slip overestimates the mean coseismic slip that should be used for long term comparisons), the role of nearby faults accommodating relative block motion (see Figures 1c and 2 of Sadeghi Chorsi et al. (2021)), the width of off‐fault deformation zones, and the various mechanisms accommodating off‐fault deformation, all need to be resolved.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also note a shallow slip deficit. Sadeghi Chorsi et al (2021) suggested that maximum coseismic slip of ∼1.4 m occurred at a depth of ∼8 km. Similar results have been obtained by other investigators.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fault parameters are listed in Table S2 of Supporting Information (modified from Sadeghi Chorsi et al. (2021)).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The MCR earthquake was a moderate magnitude event ( M w 6.5) with a shallow mainshock (Sadeghi Chorsi et al. (2021) relocated the hypocenter at ∼5.6 km depth). Hence, it probably did not stimulate major stress changes in the lower crust or upper mantle.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both types can exhibit some dip‐slip motion (Ferranti et al., 2009). In the case of the MCR earthquake, aftershock distribution and modeling of geodetic data (GPS, InSAR) indicate that the earthquake occurred on an east‐northeast and west‐southwest striking fault and was left‐oblique in its slip pattern (Hammond et al., 2021; S. Li et al., 2021; Ruhl et al., 2021; Sadeghi Chorsi et al., 2021).…”

Section: Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Afterslip From the 2020 M 6.5 Monte Cristo Range, Nevada Earthquake

Chorsi

Braunmiller

Deng

et al. 2022

Geophysical Research Letters

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Measurements of surface deformation after an earthquake can be used to probe the frictional properties of the earthquake fault and the rheological properties of the crust and upper mantle. Large magnitude earthquakes (approximately M > 7) can stress deeper parts of the Earth's crust and upper mantle; their postseismic motions likely reflect a range of processes and properties, including afterslip, viscous relaxation of the lower crust and/or upper mantle, and poroelastic effects. In contrast, stress changes associated with smaller magnitude events may only affect the upper and middle crust and may exhibit a more limited range of postseismic phenomena. Whether a deformation process is active or not likely depends in part on stress change magnitude. Studying postseismic responses for a range of earthquake magnitudes is therefore important.Until recently, studies of the postseismic response of smaller magnitude earthquakes were challenged by low signal to noise ratios. However, improvement in geodetic techniques, such as GPS and InSAR, now permits such studies. Here, we present geodetic and seismic data covering the first 7 months after the 15 May 2020, M w 6.5 Monte Cristo Range (MCR), Nevada, earthquake. Combined seismic and geodetic data suggest that aseismic afterslip on the main fault plane dominates the postseismic response. We focus on three questions:1. What is the ratio of seismic to aseismic afterslip? 2. How is postseismic slip distribution related to coseismic slip and surface rupture? 3. Does afterslip reduce the shallow slip deficit (difference between surface slip and slip at depth)?

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fault parameters are listed in Table S2 of Supporting Information (modified from Sadeghi Chorsi et al. (2021)).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Afterslip From the 2020 M 6.5 Monte Cristo Range, Nevada Earthquake

Chorsi

Braunmiller

Deng

et al. 2022

Geophysical Research Letters

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The 2020 Mw 6.5 Monte Cristo Range, Nevada, Earthquake: Anatomy of a Crossing-Fault Rupture through a Region of Highly Distributed Deformation

Sethanant

Nissen

Pousse‐Beltran

et al. 2023

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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The 15 May 2020 Mw 6.5 Monte Cristo Range earthquake (MCRE) in Nevada, United States, is the largest instrumental event in the Mina deflection—a zone of east-trending left-lateral faults accommodating a right step between northwest-trending right-lateral faults of the Walker Lane. The MCRE ruptured a highly distributed faulting area with muted geomorphic expressions, motivating us to characterize the behavior of an earthquake on a structurally immature fault system. Inverse modeling of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) displacements reveals left-lateral slip on an east-striking, eastern fault and left-lateral–normal slip on an east-northeast-striking, western fault. Unusually, the two faults cross one another and ruptured together in the mainshock. The maximum slip of 1 m occurs at 8–10 km depth, but less than 0.1 m of slip reaches the surficial model fault patches, yielding a pronounced shallow slip deficit (SSD) of 91%. Relocated hypocenters indicate that the mainshock initiated at 9 km depth and that aftershocks span depths of 1–11 km, constraining the local seismogenic thickness. Our new field observations of fracturing and pebble-clearing in the western MCRE characterize a third, shorter, northern fault that is at the resolution limit of the InSAR–GNSS modeling. The segmented and intersecting fault geometry, off-fault aftershocks with variable mechanisms, distributed surface fractures, limited long-term geomorphic offsets, and a 600–700 m (cumulative) bedrock offset are all characteristic of a structurally immature fault system. However, the large SSD is not unusual for an earthquake of this magnitude, and a larger compilation of InSAR models (28 Mw≥6.4 strike-slip events) shows that SSDs correlate with magnitude rather than structural maturity. This study demonstrates the importance of integrating geodesy, seismology, and field observations to capture the full complexity of large earthquakes, and further suggests that seismic hazard assessments in shattered crustal regions consider the potential for multi- and cross-fault rupture.

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Toward long-term monitoring of regional permafrost thaw with satellite interferometric synthetic aperture radar

Sadeghi Chorsi,

Meyer,

Dixon

2024

The Cryosphere

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Abstract. Active-layer thickness (ALT) is estimated for a study area in northern Alaska's continuous-permafrost zone using satellite data from Sentinel-1 (radar) and ICESat-2 (lidar) for the period 2017 to 2022. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferograms were generated using the Short Baseline Subset (SBAS) approach. Displacement time series over the thaw season (June–September) are fit well with a linear model (root mean square error (RMSE) scatter is less than 7 mm) and show maximum seasonal subsidence of 20–60 mm. ICESat-2 products were used to validate the interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) displacement time series. ALT was estimated from measured subsidence using a widely used model exploiting the volume difference between ice and water, reaching a maximum depth in our study area of 1.5 m. Estimated ALT is in good agreement with in situ and other remotely sensed data but is sensitive to assumed thaw season onset, indicating the need for reliable surface temperature data. Our results suggest the feasibility of long-term permafrost monitoring with satellite InSAR. However, the C-band (∼55 mm center wavelength) Sentinel radar is sensitive to vegetation cover and, in our studies, was not successful for similar monitoring in the heavily treed discontinuous-permafrost zone of central Alaska.

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The May 15, 2020 M 6.5 Monte Cristo Range, Nevada, earthquake: eyes in the sky, boots on the ground, and a chance for students to learn

Cited by 3 publications

References 100 publications

Afterslip From the 2020 M 6.5 Monte Cristo Range, Nevada Earthquake

Afterslip From the 2020 M 6.5 Monte Cristo Range, Nevada Earthquake

The 2020 Mw 6.5 Monte Cristo Range, Nevada, Earthquake: Anatomy of a Crossing-Fault Rupture through a Region of Highly Distributed Deformation

Toward long-term monitoring of regional permafrost thaw with satellite interferometric synthetic aperture radar

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