The maturation and interrelationship of EEG patterns and auditory evoked responses in premature infants

Graziani, Leonard J.; Katz, Leonard; Cracco, Roger Q.; Cracco, Joan B.; Weitzman, Elliott D.

doi:10.1016/0013-4694(74)90186-2

Cited by 39 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The early presence of the anatomical and functional substrates of sensory TH-C circuitry in the fetal and preterm cerebrum is in accordance with both classical (Hrbek et al, 1973; Graziani et al, 1974; Novak et al, 1989) and current studies (Vanhatalo and van Nieuwenhuizen, 2000; de Graaf-Peters and Hadders-Algra, 2006; Vanhatalo and Kaila, 2006; Milh et al, 2007; Nevalainen et al, 2014) showing early development of evoked cortical responses upon sensory stimulation from the environment. From physiological, clinical, and ethical points of view, it is important to note that pain stimuli also evoke cortical responses as early as 26 weeks of gestation (Anand and Hickey, 1987; Anand et al, 1989; Fitzgerald, 1991, 2005; Lee et al, 2005; Slater et al, 2006; Norman et al, 2008; Fabrizi et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Growth of Thalamocortical Fibers to the Somatosensory Cortex in the Human Fetal Brain

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Thalamocortical (TH-C) fiber growth begins during the embryonic period and is completed by the third trimester of gestation in humans. Here we determined the timing and trajectories of somatosensory TH-C fibers in the developing human brain. We analyzed the periods of TH-C fiber outgrowth, path-finding, “waiting” in the subplate (SP), target selection, and ingrowth in the cortical plate (CP) using histological sections from post-mortem fetal brain [from 7 to 34 postconceptional weeks (PCW)] that were processed with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemistry and immunohistochemical methods. Images were compared with post mortem diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-based fiber tractography (code No NO1-HD-4-3368). The results showed TH-C axon outgrowth occurs as early as 7.5 PCW in the ventrolateral part of the thalamic anlage. Between 8 and 9.5 PCW, TH-C axons form massive bundles that traverse the diencephalic-telencephalic boundary. From 9.5 to 11 PCW, thalamocortical axons pass the periventricular area at the pallial-subpallial boundary and enter intermediate zone in radiating fashion. Between 12 and 14 PCW, the TH-C axons, aligned along the fibers from the basal forebrain, continue to grow for a short distance within the deep intermediate zone and enter the deep CP, parallel with SP expansion. Between 14 and 18 PCW, the TH-C interdigitate with callosal fibers, running shortly in the sagittal stratum and spreading through the deep SP (“waiting” phase). From 19 to 22 PCW, TH-C axons accumulate in the superficial SP below the somatosensory cortical area; this occurs 2 weeks earlier than in the frontal and occipital cortices. Between 23 and 24 PCW, AChE-reactive TH-C axons penetrate the CP concomitantly with its initial lamination. Between 25 and 34 PCW, AChE reactivity of the CP exhibits an uneven pattern suggestive of vertical banding, showing a basic 6-layer pattern. In conclusion, human thalamocortical axons show prolonged growth (4 months), and somatosensory fibers precede the ingrowth of fibers destined for frontal and occipital areas. The major features of growing TH-C somatosensory fiber trajectories are fan-like radiation, short runs in the sagittal strata, and interdigitation with the callosal system. These results support our hypothesis that TH-C axons are early factors in SP and CP morphogenesis and synaptogenesis and may regulate cortical somatosensory system maturation.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Growth of Thalamocortical Fibers to the Somatosensory Cortex in the Human Fetal Brain

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, peripherally elicited pain stimuli are now conveyed directly to the somatosensory cortical plate and cause activation of its neurons (Slater et al, 2006). Other types of sensory stimulation also elicit cortical evoked potentials (Graziani, Katz, Cracco, Cracco, & Weitzman, 1974;Hrbek, Karlberg, & Olsson, 1973;Novak, Kurtzberg, Kreuzer, & Vaughan, 1989; for review (Kostovic, Judas, Petanjek, & Simic, 1995). This formation of permanent thalamocortical connectivity occurs while the transient fetal circuitry still exists within the subplate, which is the most voluminous compartment in the early preterm brain Kostovic & Judas, 2006Kostovic & Vasung, 2009;Maas et al, 2004).…”

Section: Midfetal Period (15-23 Pcw)mentioning

confidence: 97%

Development of Structural and Functional Connectivity

Dubois¹,

Kostović²,

Judaš³

2015

Brain Mapping

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. GlossaryFiber myelination brain maturational mechanism corresponding to the ensheathment around neuronal axons of oligodendrocytes' processes that form the myelin sheaths. It leads to an increase in the conduction speed of the nerve impulse and progresses from the second part of pregnancy to the end of adolescence with a specific calendar across white matter bundles and cerebral regions.Subplate transient cerebral compartment containing the most differentiated postmigratory neurons, observed between the intermediate zone (fetal white matter) and the cortical plate between 13 PCW and around term age (still observed in the first postnatal months in some frontal association regions). AbbreviationsAF Arcuate fasciculus ALIC Anterior limb of the internal capsule CC Corpus callosum (g/b/s, genu/body/splenium) CG Cingulum (inf/sup, inferior/superior parts) CST Corticospinal tract (inf/mid/sup, inferior/middle/ superior portions) DSI Diffusion spectrum imaging DTI Diffusion tensor imaging DWI Diffusion-weighted imaging EC External capsule EEG Electroencephalography ERP Event-related potentials FA Fractional anisotropy fcMRI Functional connectivity MRI FX Fornix GA Gestational age GM Gray matter iFOF Inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus ILF Inferior longitudinal fasciculus MD Mean diffusivity MRI Magnetic resonance imaging OR Optic radiations PCW Postconceptional weeks SLF Superior longitudinal fasciculus STT Spinothalamic tract T 1 Longitudinal relaxation time T 1 w T 1 -weighted T 2 Transverse relaxation time T 2 w T 2 -weighted UF Uncinate fasciculus w GA Weeks of gestational age IntroductionDuring the early fetal period, there are few axonal pathways and synaptic connections already established in the human brain. Thus, starting with this period, we have a unique opportunity to follow the step-by-step, complex, but sequential development of cerebral connectivity, until all major connections become established in the late fetal (preterm) period. Even though the pathways' connectivity and the cortical circuitry are not fully established yet in preterm newborns, brain regions are organized early on into networks specialized to process sensorimotor and cognitive functions (Mahmoudzadeh et al., 2013). These functional networks further develop, mature, and refine until the end of adolescence. In this article, we aim to describe the early development of connectivity, from the fetal to the postnatal periods, as mapped in postmortem histological studies and in vivo MRI studies of fetuses, newborns, and infants. We successively detail (1) how the structural connectivity first develops, (2) how the white matter pathways then become myelinated and functionally mature, and (3) how functional connectivity emerges in the course of development.

show abstract

“…Preterm auditory development-as measured by both the auditory evoked response and the brain-stem-evoked response has found that infants as young as 25 weeks of age respond to sound. The more mature AER patterns emerge around 34 weeks' conceptional age; by 36 weeks an AER pattern similar to the term neonate is present (Veitzman & Graziani, 1968;Graziani, Katz, Cracco, Cracco, & Weitzman, 1974). Studies utilizing BSER have found that by 35 weeks' CA waves I and V are clearly distinguishable, their latencies decreasing with biological maturation (Schulman-Galambos & Galambos, 1975).…”

Section: Tiie Effect Of Early Experiencementioning

confidence: 96%

Prematurity, Illness, and Experience as Factors in Preterm Development

Lewis

1982

Journal of the Division for Early Childhood

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Increasing concern for the developmental outcome of infants born prematurely has motivated investigation of their cognitive cnd socioemotional development. Some scientists have viewed preterm infants as a homogeneous sample whose major deficit lies in their immaturity and have Included both small-for-dates and premature, appropriate-for-dates Infants as one sample, even though they are biologically distinct and have different developmental outcomes. In addition, recent evidence has highlighted the number of medical complications endured by prematures and their potential effect on development. Finally, the effect of early environmental experience on the premature needs careful examination. Prematures are capable of processing and profiting from auditory and visual information much earlier than previously thought. This article reviews these three issues-maturity, illness, and potential effect of early experience—as factors important in any research on preterm development.

show abstract

The maturation and interrelationship of EEG patterns and auditory evoked responses in premature infants

Cited by 39 publications

References 14 publications

Growth of Thalamocortical Fibers to the Somatosensory Cortex in the Human Fetal Brain

Growth of Thalamocortical Fibers to the Somatosensory Cortex in the Human Fetal Brain

Development of Structural and Functional Connectivity

Prematurity, Illness, and Experience as Factors in Preterm Development

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About