The Marmara Sea Gateway since ~16 ky BP: non-catastrophic causes of paleoceanographic events in the Black Sea at 8.4 and 7.15 ky BP

Hiscott, Richard N.; Aksu, Ali E; Mudie, Peta J.; Kaminski, Michael A.; Abrajano, T.A.; Yaşar, Doğan; Rochon, André

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-5302-3_5

Cited by 38 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…Some researchers have proposed a gradual connection between the Marmara Sea and Black Sea (e.g., Aksu et al, 2002a, b;Hiscott et al, 2002Hiscott et al, , 2007, whereas others have suggested an abrupt connection (Ryan et al, 1997(Ryan et al, , 2003Major et al, 2002Major et al, , 2006Myers et al, 2003;Siddall et al, 2003). During the early Holocene warm and wet period (~11.7-9.3 Cal kyr BP) after the Younger Dryas, the sea-level gradually rose to the level of the İstanbul Strait's sill and the fi rst Mediterranean transgression of the Black Sea took place at around 9.3 Cal kyr BP (Major et al, 2002;.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This unconformity is partially erosional and was formed during the post-glacial wet period. It is overlain by the onlapping transgressive unit S4 and S3 with the well-developed bioherms at the bottom of Unit S4 and top of Unit S5 (Hiscott et al, 2007, Çağatay et al, 2009and Eriş et al, 2011 (Figure 6). …”

Section: Seismic Stratigraphy and Sediment Thicknessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various scenarios have been proposed for the modes and periods of the connections e.g., Ryan et al (1997); Gökaşan et al (1997); Görür et al (2001); Aksu et al (2002a, b and c); Kaminski et al (2002); Myers et al (2003); Polonia et al (2004); Major et al (2006); Hiscott et al (2002Hiscott et al ( , 2007Hiscott et al ( and 2008 ;Meriç and Algan (2007); Eriş et al (2007 and ;Martin et al (2007); McHugh et al (2007); Çağatay et al (2000, 2003,2009, 2015). Myers et al (2003) examined the catastrophic fl ood hypothesis through the İstanbul Strait proposed by Ryan et al (2003) by means of a series of simple hydraulic calculations to investigate some of the questions associated with the Holocene reconnection of the Black Sea with the Mediterranean Sea through the Turkish Straits System.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Post-Glacial Terraces of the Marmara Sea and Water Exchange Periods

Ediger¹,

Demirbağ²,

Ergintav³

et al. 2018

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

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Semi enclosed Marmara Sea is a passage between the Aegean Sea (Northeastern Mediterranean Sea) and the Black Sea. The Marmara Sea is connected to the Black Sea and Aegean Sea through the İstanbul Strait (Bosphorus) and Çanakkale Strait (Dardanelles), respectively. Despite the fact that the late Pleistocene-Holocene connections between the seas have been explored by many scientists, there are still uncertainties about the nature and timing of the connections. Within the scope of this study, a new approach has been displayed for post-glacial connections between the Black Sea, Marmara Sea and Aegean Sea. This study is based on 80 shallow seismic refl ection lines, multibeam bathymetric data and 15 short gravity cores collected from the northeastern shelf of the Marmara Sea (between Silivri and Golden Horn). The sea bottom and sub-bottom morphology have a highly chaotic structure at the exit of the Büyükçekmece/Küçükçekmece lagoons and further east near the Marmara-İstanbul Strait junction. This chaotic bottom and sub-bottom surface morphologies are mainly controlled by the structure of the basin, current regime of the shelf, coastal drainage systems and by the sea/lake water level changes controlled by climate and the sill depths of the two straits, which in turn determined the water exchange between the seas. The sedimentological interpretation of the seismic refl ection profi les and core sediments have allowed us to distinguish fi ve stratigraphic units (S1-S5) and four sedimentary layers (A-D) over the acoustic basement. The lower stratigraphic unit and sedimentary layer are separated from the overlying acoustic basement by a chaotic to parallel and by a high amplitude seismic refl ector. Seaward dipping units of the acoustic basement are inferred to be the seaward continuation of the Oligocene-Upper Miocene units widely exposed on land. The presence of three different marine terraces distinguished (T1-T3) along the northeastern shelf of the Marmara Sea have been associated with the six different curves of the post-glacial sea-level changes. From statistical point of view, the most signifi cant terraces occur from -78 m to -80 m (T1), -58 m to -62 m (T2) and -28 m to -32 m at (T3). Considering the global sea level curves, these terraces can be dated 9.25, 12.25 and 13.75 Cal kyr BP, respectively.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Seismic Stratigraphy and Sediment Thicknessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Post-Glacial Terraces of the Marmara Sea and Water Exchange Periods

Ediger¹,

Demirbağ²,

Ergintav³

et al. 2018

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

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“…The exact timing and mechanism of reconnection are the subject of ongoing research, but it is generally agreed that shortly before marine reconnection, the level of the Black Sea was significantly low (−100 m). Following reconnection the water level rose ∼70 m to the level of the global ocean within a few years to a few hundred years [e.g., Chepalyga, 2007;Hiscott et al, 2007;Major et al, 2006;Ryan, 2007;Ryan et al, 1997]. Either way, loading at the Black Sea happened at least an order of magnitude faster than in the global ocean.…”

Section: Rapid Sea Level Rise At the Black Seamentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean loading effects on stress at near shore plate boundary fault systems

Luttrell

Sandwell

2010

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] Changes in eustatic sea level since the Last Glacial Maximum create a differential load across coastlines globally. The resulting plate bending in response to this load alters the state of stress within the lithosphere within a half flexural wavelength of the coast. We calculate the perturbation to the total stress tensor due to ocean loading in coastal regions. Our stress calculation is fully 3-D and makes use of a semianalytic model to efficiently calculate stresses within a thick elastic plate overlying a viscoelastic or fluid half-space. The 3-D stress perturbation is resolved into normal and shear stresses on plate boundary fault planes of known orientation so that Coulomb stress perturbations can be calculated. In the absence of complete paleoseismic indicators that span the time since the Last Glacial Maximum, we investigate the possibility that the seismic cycle of coastal plate boundary faults was affected by stress perturbations due to the change in sea level. Coulomb stress on onshore transform faults, such as the San Andreas and Alpine faults, is increased by up to 1-1.5 MPa, respectively, promoting failure primarily through a reduction in normal stress. These stress perturbations may perceptibly alter the seismic cycle of major plate boundary faults, but such effects are more likely to be observed on nearby secondary faults with a lower tectonic stress accumulation rate. In the specific instance of rapid sea level rise at the Black Sea, the seismic cycle of the nearby North Anatolian fault was likely significantly advanced.

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“…Furthermore, in order to characterise the exchanges between the Mediterranean-Marmara-Black Seas during the last 30 ka, in particular during the early Holocene, a multiproxy approach has documented outflow phases of the Black Sea (e.g. Aksu et al, 2002;Hiscott et al, 2002Hiscott et al, , 2006). …”

Section: Dinocysts In the Caspian Sea And Neighbouring Seasmentioning

confidence: 99%

River inflow and salinity changes in the Caspian Sea during the last 5500 years

Leroy

Marret

Gibert

et al. 2007

Quaternary Science Reviews

116

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Pollen, spores and dinoflagellate cysts have been analysed on three sediment cores (1.8 to 1.4 m-long) taken from the south and middle basins of the Caspian Sea. A chronology available for one of the cores is based on calibrated radiocarbon dates (ca 5.5-0.8 cal. ka BP). The pollen and spores assemblages indicate fluctuations between steppe and desert. In addition there are some outstanding zones with a bias introduced by strong river inflow. The dinocyst assemblages change between slightly brackish (abundance of Pyxidinopsis psilata and Spiniferites cruciformis) and more brackish (dominance of Impagidinium caspienense) conditions. During the second part of the Holocene, important flow modifications of the Uzboy River and the Volga River as well as salinity changes of the Caspian Sea, causing sea-level fluctuations, have been reconstructed. A major change is suggested at ca 4 cal. ka BP with the end of a high level phase in the south basin. Amongst other hypotheses, this could be caused by the end of a late and abundant flow of the Uzboy River (now defunct), carrying to the Caspian Sea either meltwater from higher latitudes or water from the Amu-Daria. A similar, later clear phase of water inflow has also been observed from 2.1 to 1.7 cal. ka BP in the south basin and probably also in the north of the middle basin.

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The Marmara Sea Gateway since ~16 ky BP: non-catastrophic causes of paleoceanographic events in the Black Sea at 8.4 and 7.15 ky BP

Cited by 38 publications

References 30 publications

Post-Glacial Terraces of the Marmara Sea and Water Exchange Periods

Post-Glacial Terraces of the Marmara Sea and Water Exchange Periods

Ocean loading effects on stress at near shore plate boundary fault systems

River inflow and salinity changes in the Caspian Sea during the last 5500 years

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