“…Self-efficacy as a measurement of perceived behavioral control Ajzen (2002) stated that the variable of perceived behavioral control reflects perceived difficulty dimensions (the ease or difficulty to perform a certain behavior) and controllability (the extent of performing the behavior depends on someone else). This PBC concept is similar to Bandura's self-efficacy concept.…”
Section: Extension Of the Tpb And Hypotheses Developmentmentioning
Indonesia is a country with the largest Muslim population in the world. However, since the Islamic banks were being established in Indonesia for about 20 years, their market share only accounts for about 5% in the Indonesian banking system. Muslim participations in using Islamic bank are relatively low. This study expands the Theory of Planned Behavior by adding the variables of religiosity and self-efficacy. Previous studies have not examined this new expanded model to analyze customers who participated in using the saving Islamic bank’s products and services. Based on 220 Islamic bank consumers who participated in the study, the study indicated that questionnaires about religiosity and self-efficacy had good external validity and could be adapted for the Indonesian culture context. The most interesting finding was that the religiosity variable strongly enhanced the use of Islamic banks. Similarly, this study found that the self-efficacy variable improved an intention of customers to participate in the Islamic banking system. This paper also discusses the implications of the findings and recommendations for future studies.
“…Self-efficacy as a measurement of perceived behavioral control Ajzen (2002) stated that the variable of perceived behavioral control reflects perceived difficulty dimensions (the ease or difficulty to perform a certain behavior) and controllability (the extent of performing the behavior depends on someone else). This PBC concept is similar to Bandura's self-efficacy concept.…”
Section: Extension Of the Tpb And Hypotheses Developmentmentioning
Indonesia is a country with the largest Muslim population in the world. However, since the Islamic banks were being established in Indonesia for about 20 years, their market share only accounts for about 5% in the Indonesian banking system. Muslim participations in using Islamic bank are relatively low. This study expands the Theory of Planned Behavior by adding the variables of religiosity and self-efficacy. Previous studies have not examined this new expanded model to analyze customers who participated in using the saving Islamic bank’s products and services. Based on 220 Islamic bank consumers who participated in the study, the study indicated that questionnaires about religiosity and self-efficacy had good external validity and could be adapted for the Indonesian culture context. The most interesting finding was that the religiosity variable strongly enhanced the use of Islamic banks. Similarly, this study found that the self-efficacy variable improved an intention of customers to participate in the Islamic banking system. This paper also discusses the implications of the findings and recommendations for future studies.
“…This leads to the following hypothesis: Hypothesis 2 : The technological relatedness between a new technology domain and a firm's existing technology base positively moderates the effect of technological opportunities on the likelihood that a firm enters into this technology domain.Entry into NTDs is not only governed by differences in technological opportunities and firms’ existing technological resources but is also influenced by the behaviour of rival firms – in particular, by incumbent firms with existing technology positions. Firms that have carved out strong technology positions enabling them to exploit their technology leadership have strong incentives to protect their positions (Gambardella et al, ; Gilbert and Newbery, ). A strong position within a technology domain can establish an at least temporary quasi‐monopoly, allowing firms to extract higher rents from exploiting their technology, in particular when they possess significant complementary downstream assets (Arora and Fosfuri, ; Gambardella et al, ).…”
Section: Theory and Hypothesesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Firms that have carved out strong technology positions enabling them to exploit their technology leadership have strong incentives to protect their positions (Gambardella et al, ; Gilbert and Newbery, ). A strong position within a technology domain can establish an at least temporary quasi‐monopoly, allowing firms to extract higher rents from exploiting their technology, in particular when they possess significant complementary downstream assets (Arora and Fosfuri, ; Gambardella et al, ).…”
Section: Theory and Hypothesesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Incumbent firms can use different strategies to raise entry barriers and to reduce the attractiveness of entry into a technology domain. A primary strategy to raise such entry barriers is patent pre‐emption (Cohen et al, ; Gambardella et al, ; Gilbert and Newbery, ; Granstrand, ; Grimpe and Hussinger, ). Patent pre‐emption occurs when incumbents expand their patent portfolio scope by applying for patents on variants of existing technologies (e.g., Ceccagnoli, ; Cohen et al, ; Gilbert and Newbery, ; Schneider, ).…”
Section: Theory and Hypothesesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…If only a few incumbents hold the ‘secrets’ of a particular technology, they have strong incentives to thwart efforts of new entrants to carve out a stronger patent position in the technology domain. Important means at their disposal in response to entry are restrictive licensing strategies and stepping up patent fencing efforts (Gambardella et al, ; Gilbert and Newbery, ).…”
Entry and success in new technology domains (NTDs) is essential for firms' longterm performance. We argue that firms' choices to enter NTDs and their subsequent performance in these domains are not only governed by firm-level factors but also by environmental characteristics. Entry is encouraged by the richness of opportunities for technology development, while technology competition by incumbent firms discourages entry and render entries that do take place less successful. Firms are expected to be positioned heterogeneously to recognize and capitalize on technological opportunities, depending on the presence of a related technology base. We find qualified support for these conjectures in a longitudinal analysis of entry and technological performance in NTDs by 176 R&D intensive firms. While opportunity rich technology environments attract entries by firms even if these NTDs are distal from firms' existing technologies, firms require related technological expertise in order to exploit technological opportunities post-entry.
This research studies the effect of specific institutional and distance cost issues, in particular the protection of intellectual property rights and geographic distance, on the preference of companies for different governance modalities in terms of the degree of their involvement in international relational‐based technology alliances. In the sample, all technology alliances contain exclusive technology agreements. We find that international differences in intellectual property rights protection regimes between the home countries of partnering companies are a significant factor: the larger the difference, the more likely that partnering companies prefer to form an equity relational‐based technology alliance with substantial inter‐partner involvement. The degree of geographic distance between partners also affects the preference of companies for a particular form of relational‐based agreement. Companies prefer to engage in deeper inter‐partner involvement, albeit of a non‐equity nature, in case of large geographic distance between the home countries of the partnering companies.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
