The Man computer Interactive Data Access System: 25 Years of Interactive Processing

Lazzara, Matthew A.; Benson, John M.; Fox, Robert; Laitsch, Denise; Rueden, Joseph P.; Santek, David; Wade, Delores M.; Whittaker, Thomas; Young, J.W.

doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1999)080<0271:tmcida>2.0.co;2

Cited by 63 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Though the spatial resolution of GOES-12 is 4 km at nadir, the actual resolution over the CONUS ranges from 4.7 km over southeast Florida to 8.9 km along the U.S.-Canada border in eastern Montana. The GOES data were acquired from the University of Wisconsin-Madison's Space Science and Engineering Data Center (UW-SSEC) via the Man computer Interactive Data Access System (McIDAS-X; Lazzara et al 1999). …”

Section: Data a Goes-12mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison between GOES-12 Overshooting-Top Detections, WSR-88D Radar Reflectivity, and Severe Storm Reports

Dworak

Bedka

Brunner

et al. 2012

Weather and Forecasting

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Studies have found that convective storms with overshooting-top (OT) signatures in weather satellite imagery are often associated with hazardous weather, such as heavy rainfall, tornadoes, damaging winds, and large hail. An objective satellite-based OT detection product has been developed using 11-mm infrared window (IRW) channel brightness temperatures (BTs) for the upcoming R series of the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES-R) Advanced Baseline Imager. In this study, this method is applied to GOES-12 IRW data and the OT detections are compared with radar data, severe storm reports, and severe weather warnings over the eastern United States. The goals of this study are to 1) improve forecaster understanding of satellite OT signatures relative to commonly available radar products, 2) assess OT detection product accuracy, and 3) evaluate the utility of an OT detection product for diagnosing hazardous convective storms. The coevolution of radar-derived products and satellite OT signatures indicates that an OT often corresponds with the highest radar echo top and reflectivity maximum aloft. Validation of OT detections relative to composite reflectivity indicates an algorithm false-alarm ratio of 16%, with OTs within the coldest IRW BT range (,200 K) being the most accurate. A significant IRW BT minimum typically present with an OT is more often associated with heavy precipitation than a region with a spatially uniform BT. Severe weather was often associated with OT detections during the warm season (April-September) and over the southern United States. The severe weather to OT relationship increased by 15% when GOES operated in rapid-scan mode, showing the importance of high temporal resolution for observing and detecting rapidly evolving cloud-top features. Comparison of the earliest OT detection associated with a severe weather report showed that 75% of the cases occur before severe weather and that 42% of collocated severe weather reports had either an OT detected before a severe weather warning or no warning issued at all. The relationships between satellite OT signatures, severe weather, and heavy rainfall shown in this paper suggest that 1) when an OT is detected, the particular storm is likely producing heavy rainfall and/or possibly severe weather; 2) an objective OT detection product can be used to increase situational awareness and forecaster confidence that a given storm is severe; and 3) this product may be particularly useful in regions with insufficient radar coverage.

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Section: Data a Goes-12mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison between GOES-12 Overshooting-Top Detections, WSR-88D Radar Reflectivity, and Severe Storm Reports

Dworak

Bedka

Brunner

et al. 2012

Weather and Forecasting

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“…The 1-km image data were normalized and destriped to reduce the effect of detector noise and variability. Two to four 5-min granules from each orbit were remapped into a polar stereographic projection at 2-km resolution and composited with the Man computer Interactive Data Access System (McIDAS; [11]). The resulting images are 2800 2800 pixels in size.…”

Section: Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloud-drift and water vapor winds in the polar regions from MODIS

Key

Santek

Velden

et al. 2003

IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing

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Abstract-Wind products from geostationary satellites have been generated for over 20 years and are now used in numerical weather prediction systems. However, geostationary satellites are of limited utility poleward of the midlatitudes. This study demonstrates the feasibility of deriving high latitude tropospheric wind information from polar-orbiting satellites. The methodology employed is based on the algorithms currently used with geostationary satellites, modified for use with the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) infrared window and water vapor bands. These bands provide wind information throughout the troposphere in both clear and cloudy conditions. The project presents some unique challenges, including the irregularity of temporal sampling, varying viewing geometries, and uncertainties in wind vector height assignment as a result of low atmospheric water vapor amounts and thin clouds. A 30-day case study dataset has been produced and is being used in model impact studies. Preliminary results are encouraging: when the MODIS winds are assimilated in the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) system and the NASA Data Assimilation Office system, forecasts of the geopotential height for the Arctic, the Northern Hemisphere extratropics, and the Antarctic are improved significantly.

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“…Visible imagery were archived hourly between 1315 and 2215 UTC, while the 10.7-m imagery were archived hourly between 0015 and 2315 UTC. Image processing and analysis were done on personal computers with the Man computer Interactive Data and Analysis System (McIDAS) software (Lazzara et al 1999). McIDAS is the software backbone for the Regional and Mesoscale Meteorology Advanced Meteorological Satellite Demonstration and Interpretation System (Molenar et al 2000), which has been demonstrated at several National Weather Service (NWS) offices.…”

Section: Data Collection and Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-ResolutionGOES-8Visible and Infrared Cloud Frequency Composites over Northern Florida during the Summers 1996–99

2001

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GOES-8 visible and infrared cloud frequency composites have been created from imagery collected during June, July, and August for the years 1996-99 over northern Florida. These cloud frequency composites are unique because they offer high-resolution coverage over a small area and have been tailored to address forecast needs. Both monthly and regime cloud frequency composites are presented. Nine regimes were designated to reflect the strength and development of the sea-breeze front under various synoptic winds and the resulting effect on convective development. The regimes were designated by mean boundary layer wind speed and direction over the region of interest. Results from four of the regimes are presented.A total of 222 days (60% of all possible days) were designated for the various wind regimes. Regime 4 (W to SW flow) occurred most frequently (24%) and had the most widespread distribution of higher cloud frequency, occurring both near the coast and inland. Regime 2, with contrasting E to NE flow, was the next most frequently occurring regime (17%) and had lower cloud frequencies, particularly inland in Alabama and Georgia. Regime 5, with strong W to SW flow (15%, not presented) was third, followed by Regime 8 with N to NW flow (13%) and Regime 1 (11%) with light and variable or light SE flow.The monthly composites included the days from the various regime days as well as those with a completely disturbed or completely suppressed sea-breeze circulation. Nonetheless, the influence of the sea-breeze circulation can readily be seen in the diurnal progression of cloud frequency over a month. The variations seen in monthly cloud frequency composites for June, July, and August 1996-99 highlight periods of high and low cloud frequency and offer a different perspective on year-to-year and month-to-month variability.The regime cloud frequency results are actively being used during the summer season in aviation and public forecasting to supplement available information.

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The Man computer Interactive Data Access System: 25 Years of Interactive Processing

Cited by 63 publications

References 3 publications

Comparison between GOES-12 Overshooting-Top Detections, WSR-88D Radar Reflectivity, and Severe Storm Reports

Comparison between GOES-12 Overshooting-Top Detections, WSR-88D Radar Reflectivity, and Severe Storm Reports

Cloud-drift and water vapor winds in the polar regions from MODIS

High-ResolutionGOES-8Visible and Infrared Cloud Frequency Composites over Northern Florida during the Summers 1996–99

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