The Main Factors Influencing Efficiency of Spring Common Wheat Agrocenosis

Abstract

The paper presents the results of research (2015– 2018) into the main factors affecting efficiency of agrocenosis of spring common wheat, cultivar Siberian Alliance, with various systems of soil tillage and renewable bio-resources in a grain-fallow rotation. The research was conducted in the northern forest-steppe of Kuznetsk Depression in a threecourse grain-fallow crop rotation (fallow-wheatpeas-barley, barley intercropped with melilot) in a long-term stationary experiment. Various soil tillage systems were applied (deep moldboard, deep combined, minimum combined, minimum moldboard) preceded by bare fallow and green-manured fallow with rape and melilot. The soil of the experimental plot was leached chernozem. Crops of spring common wheat were sown with all types of soil tillage systems by the tillage and sowing machine Tom’5.1. It was revealed that the main factor influencing the yield of spring common wheat is water availability in the planting periods – full tillering, (r = 0.9579), beginning of earring – yellow ripeness, (r = 0.9611; R = 0.9500). A positive effect on wheat productivity was made by cellulosolytic activity and soil structure. The direct correlation between these factors and the crop yield was established, r = 0.6366 – 0.7298 and r = 0.6343 – 0.7103 respectively. A negative effect on the yield of wheat was made by the development of root decay (Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoem), (r = – 0.4808). It was established that alongside the above-mentioned fac tors, the significant effect on productivity of spring common wheat was made by the systems of soil tillage (72.4%,) and the predecessor (22.0 %). The optimum conditions in agrocenosis of spring common wheat for formation of its yield during the years of research proved to be created by green-manured fallow (with rape) with minimum moldboard and deep moldboard soil tillage (2.72 and 2.78 t/ha respectively), which is 0.55 and 0.51 t/ha higher compared to analogous soil tillage systems preceded by bare fallow – control. Minimum moldboard soil tillage has an economic advantage over others with profitability of 193.6% and production cost at 5,000 rubles per 1 ton of grain.

Crop agro-technologies adaptation in organic farming

“…The optimal conditions in the agrocenosis of spring wheat for the formation of its yield over the years of research were identified for green manure fallow with minimal moldboard and deep moldboard tillage systems (2.72 and 2.78 t/ha, respectively), which is 0.55 and 0.51 t/ha higher in comparison with similar treatments for the predecessor pure fallow (control). The advantage in terms of economic evaluation is the minimum moldboard tillage system with a profitability of 193.6% and a cost of 1 ton of grain of 5.0 thousand rubles [24].…”

Application of machine learning methods for crop rotation selection in organic farming system

“…In earlier studies [22][23][24] evaluating the resistance of crop rotations to the most harmful biotic stressors -weeds, it was shown that grain-fallow crop rotations also reacted to increased weed infestation with a lesser decline in crop rotation productivity. Crop rotations with legumes and cabbage were in the second group in terms of resistance, with productivity decline depending on the increase in weed biomass ranging from 0.46 to 0.58 dt g.e./ha.…”

“…Without the application of mineral fertilizers, grain-fallow crop rotations were preferred [22]. Regarding grain yield per hectare of crop rotation area without the application of fertilizers and pesticides, the most productive were grain-fallow crop rotations with winter rye (24.6 dt/ha) and grain with legumes (24.4 dt/ha) [22][23][24]. The advantages of grain-fallow crop rotations in increasing the productivity of arable land and the technological properties of grain crops in different agricultural systems, through the optimization of black soil fertility elements and the phytosanitary state of agrophytocenosis, have been noted by many authors [25][26][27][28][29][30].…”