The Magnetic Field Effect on the Dynamics of the Anodic Dissolution of Copper

Gu, Z. H.; Chen, J.; Olivier, A.; Fahidy, T. Z.

doi:10.1149/1.2221059

Cited by 28 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…23, where the effects of Eq. (12) are included in the growth of the diffusion layer with time. In agreement with the experimental data (cf.…”

Section: B Normal Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Much of the early work was concerned with the influence of uniform fields, applied parallel to the cathode in order to maximize the Lorentz force…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The MHD effect, and its analog on a small length scale, the micro-MHD effect 17 are responsible for many of the influences that a magnetic field can have in electrochemistry, including the rate of electrodeposition of metals, 3,5,7 deposit morphology, 8 hydrogen production, 10,11 corrosion, [12][13][14][15][16] and rest potential. 18 The hydrodynamic conditions in any experiment are characterized by a set of dimensionless numbers whose significance in a laboratory electrochemical cell is summarized in Table I.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Patterning metallic electrodeposits with magnet arrays

Dunne

Coey

2012

Phys. Rev. B

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“…23, where the effects of Eq. (12) are included in the growth of the diffusion layer with time. In agreement with the experimental data (cf.…”

Section: B Normal Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Patterning metallic electrodeposits with magnet arrays

Dunne

Coey

2012

Phys. Rev. B

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“…Gu et al [52] showed that during the induction period the rate of copper oxide formation is proportional to B -1/4. As a result of the field, the total induction time until oscillations start increases [53]. The oscillations are destabilized due to mass transport or kinetic interactions [54,55], and a shift to more positive potentials is observed [50].…”

Section: Anodic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of magnetoelectrolysis

1995

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A broad overview of research on the effects of imposed magnetic fields on electrolytic processes is given. As well as modelling of mass transfer in magnetoelectrolytic cells, the effect of magnetic fields on reaction kinetics is discussed. Interactions of an imposed magnetic field with cathodic crystallization and anodic dissolution behaviour of metals are also treated. These topics are described from a practical point of view.

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“…Magnetic fields often have a surprising influence on physical and chemical processes occurring in electrochemical cells. The rate of electrodeposition of metals [1][2][3], deposit morphology [4,5], hydrogen production [6,7], corrosion [8,9], rest potential [10], alloy composition [11,12], and magnetic properties [13], are all sensitive to applied magnetic field. The physical explanation is frequently magnetohydrodynamic, involving the Lorentz force [14] …”

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confidence: 99%

Magnetic Structuring of Electrodeposits

2011

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Metal electrodeposition reflects the pattern of the magnetic field at the cathode surface created by a magnet array. For deposits from paramagnetic cations such as Co 2þ or Cu 2þ , the effect is explained in terms of magnetic pressure which modifies the thickness of the diffusion layer, that governs their mass transport. An inverse effect allows deposits to be structured in complementary patterns when a strongly paramagnetic but nonelectroactive cation such as Dy 3þ is present in the electrolyte, and is related to inhibition of convection of water liberated at the cathode, in the inhomogeneous magnetic field. The magnetic structuring depends on the susceptibility of the electroactive species relative to that of the nonelectroactive background. ( 1) where j is the current density in the cell and B is the applied magnetic field. Another force is operative when the field is nonuniform and induces a magnetization, M ¼ H, in the electrolyte. Here is the susceptibility, which is expressed as m c where m is the molar susceptibility and c is the concentration of ions in the electrolyte in mol m À3 . Since ( 1 for the electrolytes used in electrochemistry, the difference between B and 0 H can be neglected. The Kelvin force then takes the form F K ¼ 0 MrH. Provided the cell current is also negligible as a source of H, the field gradient force can be written as F rH ¼ 0 HrH orThis may exceed the Lorentz force when the electrolyte is paramagnetic [15]. The ratio of the magnitudes of the two forces isThe magnetic field gradient does not drag ions in solution into the vicinity of a magnet, because the energy of a single ion with spin S at temperature T in the field B, g 2 2 B SðS þ 1ÞB 2 =6 kT, is about 5 orders of magnitude less than kT, the thermal energy driving diffusion. ( B =kT ¼ 0:67 K T À1 , where B is the Bohr magneton and k is Boltzmann's constant). Taking the curl of F rB it is possible to distinguish two regions where the influence of the field gradient force is different [16],In the bulk solution, where there is no concentration gradient, the force is conservative, meaning it cannot induce convection, but it can modify or bifurcate existing convective flows. However, close to an electrode interface where a concentration gradient exists, the force is able to induce local convective flows. There is growing interest in the influence of nonuniform magnetic fields on electrochemical reactions, ranging from confinement of organic species at disc microelectrodes [17], remapping of MHD flows [18], electrodeposit patterning by magnetized iron wires [19], and spatially correlated suppression of corrosion of iron wires [20]. Here we show how electrodeposits of both magnetic and nonmagnetic cations can be structured using nonuniform fields. The deposits of magnetic ions are governed by the magnitude of the field at the cathode surface, and on the difference Á between the susceptibility of the electrolyte with and without electroactive cations. The ratio R is ) 1 in our experiments, so the field gradient force dominates.Elect...

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The Magnetic Field Effect on the Dynamics of the Anodic Dissolution of Copper

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

Patterning metallic electrodeposits with magnet arrays

Patterning metallic electrodeposits with magnet arrays

Applications of magnetoelectrolysis

Magnetic Structuring of Electrodeposits

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