The lure of zebrafish in liver research: regulation of hepatic growth in development and regeneration

Cox, Andrew G.; Goessling, Wolfram

doi:10.1016/j.gde.2015.03.002

Cited by 45 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 97 publications

(118 reference statements)

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“…Zebrafish have been developed in the past few years to model many diseases and provide insights into patho physiological processes 46 (FIG. 1).…”

Section: The Zebrafish Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). Their small size and optical translucency brings the advantages of low cost and rapid analysis via microscopy 46 . As they grow in water, zebrafish have been used as a model system for in vivo chemical screening with the small molecules to be tested added to the water 46,47 .…”

Section: The Zebrafish Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their small size and optical translucency brings the advantages of low cost and rapid analysis via microscopy 46 . As they grow in water, zebrafish have been used as a model system for in vivo chemical screening with the small molecules to be tested added to the water 46,47 . To date, their use has shown that many of the biological processes and signal ling pathways seen in the mouse and rat are recapitulated in zebrafish 46 .…”

Section: The Zebrafish Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Liver regeneration — mechanisms and models to clinical application

Forbes

Newsome

2016

Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol

308

296

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Although the normal liver has a fantastic regenerative capacity, following acute injury or resection this regener ative ability becomes overwhelmed in two important scenarios: in the setting of severe acute liver injury or when there is severe chronic liver injury with aberrant liver architecture and marked liver fibrosis 1,2 . These scenarios are clinically relevant and often result in serious morbidity and mortality 3 . While there have been decades of excellent and clinically informative research into understanding the signals that control regener ation of the normal liver 4 , the mechanisms at play when the abnor mal liver attempts regeneration are less well described 5 . Understanding how regeneration fails or is impaired in the severely damaged liver is an important goal. Lessons learned from relevant animal models might have impor tance in the clinical setting and aid the develop ment of new therapies to either promote regener ation or prevent complications that arise during the period of liver regeneration.A clinical scenario in which an improved understand ing of regeneration of the compromised liver would be of benefit includes liver transplantation, here the increas ingly common use of partial liver grafts such as split livers and living donor transplants relies upon regener ation of the donor graft to reach the correct liver mass 6 .Failure of regeneration in these settings results in poor or delayed graft function, prolonged intensive care stays, occasionally a requirement for retransplantation or, ulti mately, even death of the recipient 7,8 . By understanding the pathological mechanisms driving these adverse con ditions it is hoped that the period of regeneration can be more predictable and the associated clinical complications ultimately preventable. The ability to predict or improve liver regeneration when the liver is compromised -for example, in the setting of cirrhosis when surgical resection of hepatocellular cancer (HCC) is commonly performed, or following the resection of colorectal hepatic metastasis, when the liver has received prior chemotherapy -would enable clinicians to optimize cancer resection approaches. Furthermore, by understanding the mechanisms under lying normal liver regeneration and aberrant liver regener ation in chronic liver injury it is hoped that we will be able to promote 'healthy regeneration' or remodel ling in chronic liver disease. Such a scenario in which this approach could be applied includes liver cirrhosis. Here, the initial insult (such as viral hepatitis or autoimmune hepatitis) can sometimes be directly treated, but the liver tissue is left severely damaged and still susceptible to the clinical consequences of liver failure, portal hypertension and an increased risk of HCC 9 .Abstract | Liver regeneration has been studied for many decades and the mechanisms underlying regeneration of the normal liver following resection or moderate damage are well described. A large number of factors extrinsic (such as bile acids and circulating growth factors) and intrinsi...

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“…Zebrafish have been developed in the past few years to model many diseases and provide insights into patho physiological processes 46 (FIG. 1).…”

Section: The Zebrafish Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Zebrafish Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Zebrafish Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Liver regeneration — mechanisms and models to clinical application

Forbes

Newsome

2016

Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol

308

296

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“…Zebrafish have become one of the most established animal models for organ and tissue regeneration studies (Gemberling et al, 2013; Becker and Becker, 2014; Lush and Piotrowski, 2014; Cox and Goessling, 2015; Pfefferli and Jazwinska, 2015). Among the various organs that researchers are interested in, the heart is one of the most attractive organs to study the processes and mechanisms of regeneration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell migration during heart regeneration in zebrafish

Tahara

Brush

Kawakami

2016

Developmental Dynamics

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Zebrafish possess the remarkable ability to regenerate injured hearts as adults, which contrasts the very limited ability in mammals. Although very limited, mammalian hearts do in fact have measurable levels of cardiomyocyte regeneration. Therefore, elucidating mechanisms of zebrafish heart regeneration would provide information of naturally occurring regeneration to potentially apply to mammalian studies, in addition to addressing this biologically interesting phenomenon in itself. Studies over the past 13 years have identified processes and mechanisms of heart regeneration in zebrafish. After heart injury, preexisting cardiomyocytes dedifferentiate, enter the cell cycle, and repair the injured myocardium. This process requires interaction with epicardial cells, endocardial cells, and vascular endothelial cells. Epicardial cells envelope the heart, while endocardial cells make up the inner lining of the heart. They provide paracrine signals to cardiomyocytes to regenerate the injured myocardium, which is vascularized during heart regeneration. In addition, accumulating results suggest that local migration of these major cardiac cell types have roles in heart regeneration. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of various heart injury methods used in the research community and regeneration of the major cardiac cell types. Then, we discuss local migration of these cardiac cell types and immune cells during heart regeneration.

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“…Hepatocytes make up the majority of a liver and perform most of the liver's functions including metabolism, detoxification, and homeostasis. 42 In this study, we used two approaches to identify the effects of CuO NPs on the liver. First, liver development was studied using whole-mount in situ hybridization.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of copper oxide nanoparticles on developing zebrafish embryos and larvae

Zhang¹,

He²,

Wang³

et al. 2016

IJN

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Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) are used for a variety of purposes in a wide range of commercially available products. Some CuO NPs probably end up in the aquatic systems, thus raising concerns about aqueous exposure toxicity, and the impact of CuO NPs on liver development and neuronal differentiation remains unclear. In this study, particles were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectra, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Zebrafish embryos were continuously exposed to CuO NPs from 4 hours postfertilization at concentrations of 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, or 1 mg/L. The expression of gstp1 and cyp1a was examined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha and superoxide dismutase 1 was examined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Liver development and retinal neurodifferentiation were analyzed by whole-mount in situ hybridization, hematoxylin–eosin staining, and immunohistochemistry, and a behavioral test was performed to track the movement of larvae. We show that exposure of CuO NPs at low doses has little effect on embryonic development. However, exposure to CuO NPs at concentrations of 12.5 mg/L or higher leads to abnormal phenotypes and induces an inflammatory response in a dose-dependent pattern. Moreover, exposure to CuO NPs at high doses results in an underdeveloped liver and a delay in retinal neurodifferentiation accompanied by reduced locomotor ability. Our data demonstrate that short-term exposure to CuO NPs at high doses shows hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity in zebrafish embryos and larvae.

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The lure of zebrafish in liver research: regulation of hepatic growth in development and regeneration

Cited by 45 publications

References 97 publications

Liver regeneration — mechanisms and models to clinical application

Liver regeneration — mechanisms and models to clinical application

Cell migration during heart regeneration in zebrafish

Effects of copper oxide nanoparticles on developing zebrafish embryos and larvae

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