The lung-brain axis: A new frontier in host-microbe interactions

Azzoni, Rossana; Marsland, Benjamin J.

doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2022.03.015

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…We focused on meningiomas, the most common benign brain tumors; gliomas, the most common and aggressive primary brain cancer; and brain metastases, the most common nonprimary brain malignancy [14,32]. Recent research suggests that intestinal bacteria may cause CNS disease through chronic systemic or local in ammatory reactions, increased toxicity in the circulation, and/or immune imbalances in the CNS, encompassing phenomena such as the brain-gut-microbiome axis and the lung-gut axis [7,13,19,33]. However, the role of intestinal bacteria in CNS tumors remains unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiomics analysis reveals gut profiles in patients with different brain tumors

Wang,

Zhou,

Zhao

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background Numerous close relationships between the gut microbiota and various cancers have been described, and several studies suggest that the gut microbiota can influence the central nervous system (CNS), but the relationship between the intestinal microbiome and brain tumors is unclear. Furthermore, the role of action of the gut microbiota on brain tumors has not been well understood, especially in the CNS, which has been considered an immune-privileged organ due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier. Results In the present work, we systematically compared the gut microbiome and metabolite alterations in patients with a brain tumor, including patients with meningioma (MEG), glioma and brain metastasis (BM), with those of healthy controls (HCs) using faecal metagenomics and metabolomics, and used this in relation to clinical indicators to explore their possible causative mechanisms in the disease. In the disease group, bacterial abundance was altered, showing a significant decrease in Gram-positive bacteria such as Lachnospiraceae and a substantial increase in Gram-negative bacteria such as Enterobacteriaceae, while lipopolysaccharide‒associated pathways were also enriched. Additionally, metabolites were changed: most amino acid and fatty acid metabolites increased, while bile acids (BAs) and carbohydrates decreased. However, the differences in bacteria and metabolites between the disease groups were less than those between the HCs. Furthermore, a variety of immune-related clinical indicators, bacteria, metabolites and pathways were significantly altered in the disease groups. Finally, markers based on bacterial flora and metabolites were effective in differentiating the disease groups from the HCs. Conclusions The multiomics data from this study revealed that dysbiosis and metabolic abnormalities were present in the gut of patients with brain tumors. At the same time, host immune abnormalities may be associated with dysbiosis and may lead to tumour development and progression through inflammatory, immune, and metabolic interactions; these altered microbiome-metabolome-host interactions may help explain the pathogenesis of brain tumors, and provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of brain tumors. The microbiome and its derived metabolites are a promising noninvasive tool for the accurate detection and differentiation of patients with different brain tumors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiomics analysis reveals gut profiles in patients with different brain tumors

Wang,

Zhou,

Zhao

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Another recent study demonstrated that small intestinal γδ T-cell migration into the lung and brain plays a role in stroke-associated pneumonia in mice [ 56 ]. Given the emerging recognition of the lung–brain axis [ 135 , 137 , 138 ], it becomes increasingly compelling to explore whether the lung microbiota plays a role in the development and progression of neuropsychiatric disorders.…”

Section: Lung Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging role of the host microbiome in neuropsychiatric disorders: overview and future directions

Hashimoto

2023

Mol Psychiatry

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The human body harbors a diverse ecosystem of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, collectively known as the microbiota. Current research is increasingly focusing on the potential association between the microbiota and various neuropsychiatric disorders. The microbiota resides in various parts of the body, such as the oral cavity, nasal passages, lungs, gut, skin, bladder, and vagina. The gut microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract has received particular attention due to its high abundance and its potential role in psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. However, the microbiota presents in other body tissues, though less abundant, also plays crucial role in immune system and human homeostasis, thus influencing the development and progression of neuropsychiatric disorders. For example, oral microbiota imbalance and associated periodontitis might increase the risk for neuropsychiatric disorders. Additionally, studies using the postmortem brain samples have detected the widespread presence of oral bacteria in the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. This article provides an overview of the emerging role of the host microbiota in neuropsychiatric disorders and discusses future directions, such as underlying biological mechanisms, reliable biomarkers associated with the host microbiota, and microbiota-targeted interventions, for research in this field.

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“…Although many studies have explored the efficacy of probiotics, prebiotics, or FMT in the treatment of NAFLD, physical activity and dietary modifications are the only effective therapeutic options for NAFLD management, which have been confirmed to be associated with the modulation of gut microbiota and its metabolites ( 9 ). For instance, participants with obesity and NAFLD, who were administered an isocaloric low-carbohydrate diet as the intervention, showed improved fatty liver metabolism and rapid shifts in the composition of the gut microbiota.…”

Section: Microbiota and Mitochondria: Potential Therapeutic Strategie...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under normal circumstances, a balanced gut microbiota is beneficial for human health as it maintains metabolic balance of energy metabolites, lipid metabolism, and glucose metabolism ( 8 ). Moreover, the host cellular physiology and immune response are modulated by the gut microbiota ( 9 ). In contrast, imbalance of the microbiota leads to a passive increase of intestinal permeability and alteration of the homeostasis of the gut microbiota, which promotes the translocation of bacterial endotoxins or other bacterial metabolites into the systemic circulation, affecting the function of the whole body ( 10 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota–mitochondrial inter-talk in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

et al. 2022

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The increasing prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is a progressive disease, has exerted huge a healthcare burden worldwide. New investigations have suggested that the gut microbiota closely participates in the progression of NAFLD through the gut–liver axis or gut–brain–liver axis. The composition of the microbiota can be altered by multiple factors, primarily dietary style, nutritional supplements, or exercise. Recent evidence has revealed that gut microbiota is involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism in the liver by regulating crucial transcription factors, enzymes, or genes. Moreover, microbiota metabolites can also affect mitochondrial oxidative stress function and swallow formation, subsequently controlling the inflammatory response and regulating the levels of inflammatory cytokines, which are the predominant regulators of NAFLD. This review focuses on the changes in the composition of the gut microbiota and metabolites as well as the cross-talk between gut microbiota and mitochondrial function. We thus aim to comprehensively explore the potential mechanisms of gut microbiota in NAFLD and potential therapeutic strategies targeting NAFLD management.

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The lung-brain axis: A new frontier in host-microbe interactions

Cited by 15 publications

References 10 publications

Multiomics analysis reveals gut profiles in patients with different brain tumors

Multiomics analysis reveals gut profiles in patients with different brain tumors

Emerging role of the host microbiome in neuropsychiatric disorders: overview and future directions

Gut microbiota–mitochondrial inter-talk in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

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