The luminescent bacteria toxicity test: Its potential as an in vitro alternative

Abstract

During the past several years, the use of animals for toxicity testing has come under critical surveillance. For ethical and economic reasons, various techniques have been developed and proposed as potential alternatives for some of the whole animal toxicity assays. One assay proposed as an alternative to animal testing is the luminescent bacteria toxicity test (LBT), provided under the trade name of Microtox. The sensitivity and specificity of the LBT was compared with two commonly used toxicity tests--the L-929 Minimal Eàgle's Medium (MEM) elution cytotoxicity test and the Draize test. Cytotoxicity and LBT test data from 709 medical device and biomaterial extracts were compared using a positive/negative ranking system which provided a measurement of false positive and false negative results. These data were compiled from nine separate laboratories producing or using a wide variety of biomaterials and medical device products. The LBT was more sensitive than the tissue culture assay and displayed few false negatives. LBT EC50 values were compared with eye irritancy categories for a group of 34 chemicals and 27 personal care products. As with tissue culture, the LBT was more sensitive and produced minimal false negatives. The data from this study indicate the LBT has potential as a rapid, simple method to screen biomaterials and personal care products for toxicity and irritancy.

Evaluation of land farming and chemico-biological stabilization for treatment of heavily contaminated sediments in a tropical environment

“…2. In this scale, toxicity is represented in toxicity units=1/EC50, where EC50 is the effective concentration-50, the concentration of the sample which reduces the activity (bioluminescence) of the test organism in the bioassay by 50% (Bulinc, 1990). In this case, the EC50 is calculated as a proportion (75 % = 0.75, for example).…”

Ecotoxicity Tests for Compost Applications

“…A decrease in light emission is the response to serious damage to the metabolism of the bacterial cell. Several researchers have found that this test is a fast and reliable preliminary toxicity test (Bitton and Koopman, 1992;Breitung et al, 1996;Brouwer et al, 1990;Bulich et al, 1990;Ribo and Kaiser, 1987). It is comparable to other biological toxicity tests (Dutka et al, 1983).…”

Wastewater Toxicity Assessment by Whole Cell Biosensor

“…The potential for use of the Microtox test as an alternative to animal testing has been demonstrated [85]. It was found to be more sensitive and less prone to false positives than two common toxicity tests, the L-929 Minimal Eagle's Medium (MEM) elution cytotoxicity test and the Draize rabbit eye irritancy test.…”