The Lowering of Lipoprotein[a] Induced by Estrogen Plus Progesterone Replacement Therapy in Postmenopausal Women

Soma, Maurizio R.; Osnago-Gadda, I.; Paoletti, Rodolfo; Fumagalli, R.; Morrisett, Joel D.; Meschìa, Michele; Crosignani, P. G.

doi:10.1001/archinte.1993.00410120044006

Cited by 114 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…These suggested mechanisms are not supported by our findings. Our results, obtained in young prepubertal children and non-sex hormone-treated Turner syn¬ drome girls, also exclude a role for estrogens (13)(14)(15) in mediating the registered serum Lp(a) changes. Garry et al (28) treated 21 GHD adults for 36 months (0-036-0.02 U/kg/day) and reported a significant rise in serum Lp(a) in 6 patients.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

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Growth hormone increases and insulin-like growth factor-I decreases circulating lipoprotein(a)

Laron

Wang

Klinger

et al. 1997

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…It has been reported that several hormones, particularly estrogens and tri¬ iodothyronine, affect circulating Lp(a) (11)(12)(13)(14). The aim of our study was to explore the relationship between other hormone administration and circulating Lp(a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Growth hormone increases and insulin-like growth factor-I decreases circulating lipoprotein(a)

Laron

Wang

Klinger

et al. 1997

European Journal of Endocrinology

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“…89,90 It is generally accepted that Lp(a) serum levels are not age-dependent, but several papers have reported the effect of age, gender, and menopausal status on plasma Lp(a) levels. [91][92][93] A recent study reported that the mean plasma Lp(a) concentration and the frequency of Lp(a) greater than 250 mg/L increased with age in all APO(a) phenotypes (low, intermediate, and high molecular weight). 79 In another study conducted in Japan, a significantly lower frequencies of low molecular weight APO(a) phenotypes and alleles were found in men older than 80 years of age compared to younger subjects.…”

Section: Lipoproteins and Human Longevitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipoproteins, Vascular-Related Genetic Factors, and Human Longevity

Panza

D’Introno

Capurso

et al. 2007

Rejuvenation Research

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The relationships among lipoprotein metabolism, genetic vascular factors, vascular disease, and Alzheimer's disease suggest that the examination of centenarian populations in relation to certain genes or lipoprotein metabolism provide insights into human longevity. The findings on the higher frequency of the apolipoprotein E epsilon4 allele in middle-aged subjects than in centenarians were substantially confirmed. On the contrary, recent findings did not confirm previous data on increased prevalence of the high-risk angiotensin I converting enzyme D allele in French centenarians. The variability in the strength of association between angiotensin I converting enzyme polymorphism and longevity could be related to regional differences in angiotensin I converting enzyme D allele frequency in Europe recently showed, as also recently reported for apolipoprotein Eepsilon2 and epsilon4 allele in centenarians. Indeed some studies of lipoprotein profiles in centenarians have also had contradictory outcomes, with evidence of lower serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, with higher high-density lipoprotein 2 cholesterol subfraction, larger high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein particle sizes, and higher lipoprotein(a) concentration in centenarians, which is apparently disadvantageous for human longevity. Elevated lipoprotein(a) serum levels, increasing the risk for cerebrovascular disease, may play a role in determining clinical Alzheimer's disease, but lipoprotein(a) elevation in centenarians, in the absence of other coronary artery disease risk factors, appears as a positive survival factor. In different populations, there are significant trends in the reduction of serum apolipoprotein E levels from apolipoprotein E epsilon2- to epsilon4-carriers and significant differences in serum apolipoprotein E levels with respect to age in epsilon4-carriers but only after adjustment for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. While further studies are needed to confirm the possible role of apolipoprotein E concentration as putative longevity factor this paper provides an overview of many of the investigated vascular factors with respect to longevity.

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“…Estrogen and estrogen/ progestin combinations have been shown to lower Lp(a) levels in postmenopausal women in several studies [9,10]. Lipoprotein remnants have also been identified as a new risk factor for heart disease [8,11].…”

Section: Effect Of Estrogen On Plasma Lipid Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete and selective estrogenic effects on lipids and cardiovascular disease

Lamon‐Fava

2000

Curr Atheroscler Rep

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Observational studies have shown a protective effect of estrogen replacement on risk of cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women. The estrogen protection is thought to be mediated by mechanisms acting at different levels, including a beneficial effect on plasma lipid concentrations. Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM) share with estrogen the ability to reduce plasma levels of atherogenic lipoproteins like low-density lipoproteins and lipoprotein(a). The recent publication of the first randomized, placebo-controlled trial of estrogen/progestin replacement (HERS), which failed to show a reduced number of cardiovascular events in women randomized to estrogen treatment as compared with placebo, has cast some doubts on the protective role of estrogen. Other large randomized studies on the effect of estrogen and other compounds with estrogenic activity (eg, SERM) on cardiovascular disease risk are currently underway and will provide more definite answers to both clinicians and postmenopausal women.

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The Lowering of Lipoprotein[a] Induced by Estrogen Plus Progesterone Replacement Therapy in Postmenopausal Women

Abstract: The results suggest that in estrogen plus progesterone-treated postmenopausal women, the lipid profile is improved not only by lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and raising high-density lipoprotein levels, but also by lowering plasma Lp[a] concentrations.

Cited by 114 publications

References 38 publications

Growth hormone increases and insulin-like growth factor-I decreases circulating lipoprotein(a)

Growth hormone increases and insulin-like growth factor-I decreases circulating lipoprotein(a)

Lipoproteins, Vascular-Related Genetic Factors, and Human Longevity

Complete and selective estrogenic effects on lipids and cardiovascular disease

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