The low-complexity RF MEMS switch at EADS: an overview

Schoenlinner, Bernhard; Stehle, A.; Siegel, C.; Gautier, W.; Schulte, Benedikt; Figur, Sascha A.; Prechtel, U.; Ziegler, Volker

doi:10.1017/s1759078711000729

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Various technologies appear suitable for constructing such a switching matrix, including semiconducting devices [16][17][18] , mechanical systems 19,20 , and superconducting logic 21 . For qubit technologies built from semiconductors 8,22 , field-effect based devices are ideally suited owing to their sub-nanosecond switching-speed, gigahertz transmission bandwidth, low dissipation, small footprint, cryogenic compatibility, and opportunity for integration with qubits.…”

Section: Switching Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryogenic Control Architecture for Large-Scale Quantum Computing

et al. 2015

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Solid-state qubits have recently advanced to the level that enables them, in principle, to be scaledup into fault-tolerant quantum computers. As these physical qubits continue to advance, meeting the challenge of realising a quantum machine will also require the engineering of new classical hardware and control architectures with complexity far beyond the systems used in today's fewqubit experiments. Here, we report a micro-architecture for controlling and reading out qubits during the execution of a quantum algorithm such as an error correcting code. We demonstrate the basic principles of this architecture in a configuration that distributes components of the control system across different temperature stages of a dilution refrigerator, as determined by the available cooling power. The combined setup includes a cryogenic field-programmable gate array (FPGA) controlling a switching matrix at 20 millikelvin which, in turn, manipulates a semiconductor qubit.Realising the classical control system of a quantum computer is a formidable scientific and engineering challenge in its own right 1,2 . The hardware that comprises the control interface must be fast relative to the timescales of qubit decoherence, low-noise so as not to further disturb the fragile operation of qubits, and scalable with respect to physical resources, ensuring that the footprint for routing signal lines or the operating power does not grow rapidly as the number of qubits increases 3,4 . As solid-state quantum processors will likely operate below 1 kelvin 5-8 , components of the control system will also need to function in a cryogenic environment, adding further constraints.Similar challenges have long been addressed in the satellite and space exploration community 9 , where the need for high-frequency electronic systems operating reliably in extreme environments has driven the development of new circuits and devices 10 . Quantum computing systems, on the other hand, have to date largely relied on brute-force approaches, controlling a few qubits directly via room temperature electronics that is hardwired to the quantum device at cryogenic temperatures.Here we present a control architecture for operating a cryogenic quantum processor autonomously and demonstrate its basic building blocks using a semiconductor qubit. This architecture addresses many aspects related to scalability of the control interface by embedding multiplexing sub-systems at cryogenic temperatures and separating the high-bandwidth analog control waveforms from the digital addressing needed to select qubits for manipulation. Our demonstration comprises a commercial field-programmable gate array (FPGA) operating at 4 kelvin and controlling a microwave signal switching matrix at 20 mK, which then interfaces with a quantum dot device. Bringing these sub-systems together in the context of our control architecture suggests a path for scaleup of control hardware needed to manipulate the large numbers of qubits in a useful quantum machine. I. CONTROL MICRO-ARCHITECTUREOur control micro-...

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Section: Switching Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryogenic Control Architecture for Large-Scale Quantum Computing

et al. 2015

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“…PIN diode switches which need to be continuously current-biased during operation are even less suitable for low-temperature applications. The quickly developing family of MEMS microwave switches [5,6] can provide very reliable switching with a minimal power dissipation and seems to be a good candidate for cryogenic microwave setups [7,8]. Similarly promising devices were recently demonstrated based on field-effect transistors [9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superconducting Switch for Fast On-Chip Routing of Quantum Microwave Fields

et al. 2016

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A switch capable of routing microwave signals at cryogenic temperatures is a desirable component for state-of-the-art experiments in many fields of applied physics, including but not limited to quantum information processing, communication and basic research in engineered quantum systems. Conventional mechanical switches provide low insertion loss but disturb operation of dilution cryostats and the associated experiments by heat dissipation. Switches based on semiconductors or microelectromechanical systems have a lower thermal budget but are not readily integrated with current superconducting circuits. Here we design and test an on-chip switch built by combining tunable transmission-line resonators with microwave beam-splitters. The device is superconducting and as such dissipates a negligible amount of heat. It is compatible with current superconducting circuit fabrication techniques, operates with a bandwidth exceeding 100 MHz, is capable of handling photon fluxes on the order of 10 5 µs −1 , equivalent to powers exceeding −90 dBm, and can be switched within approximately 6 − 8 ns. We successfully demonstrate operation of the device in the quantum regime by integrating it on a chip with a single-photon source and using it to route non-classical itinerant microwave fields at the single-photon level.

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“…Nowadays, MEMS technology can be found in many applications such as micromirrors and microlens [123], high-quality tunable Radio Frequency (RF) filters [124,125], tunable antennas for mobile devices [126][127][128], RF switches and steerable antennas for radar and aerospace communications [129][130][131], medical applications like microfluidic cytometer (to measure various parameters of cells) [132], microneedles for drug delivery [133] or specific DNA sequences detection [134,135], automotive industry applications like airbags detonation, antilock braking system among others [136,137], and thermo-electric generators used for energy harvesting [138][139][140]. Traditionally, MEMS were fabricated on silicon substrates using integrated circuit batch-processing technologies such as surface and bulk silicon micromachining, lithography, etc., due to silicon availability and well-known material properties [144].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study, Modelling and Implementation of the Level Set Method Used in Micromachining Processes

Álvaro¹

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"Sí com lo taur se'n va fuyt pel desert quantés sobrat per son semblant qui·l força, ne torna may fins ha cobrada força per destruir aquell qui l'ha desert: tot enaxí·m cové lunyar de vós, car vostre gest mon esforç ha confús: no tornaré fins del tot haja fus la gran pahor qui·m toll ser delitós." Ausiàs March, 1397 - †1459 Per a Marc AgradecimientosSin duda, todo el trabajo que hay detrás de esta tesis ha sido posible gracias a la colaboración y dedicación de muchos. Todos ellos merecen ser agradecidos por haber contribuido a su manera en la culminación de este trabajo.Agradecer sinceramente a mis directores y tutores, Ximo Cerdà y Ricardo Colom, por permitir formarme como investigador y ofrecerme sus consejos. Ellos me han tratado con respeto y nunca han puesto freno a mis ambiciones, más bien las han engrandecido. Gracias por guiar toda esta aventura.Una mención muy especial se merecen MiguelÁngel Gosálvez y Néstor Ferrando. Les tengo que agradecer la gran suerte que he tenido de poder colaborar con dos eminencias como ellos. Sus grandes conocimientos han permitido obtener los mejores resultados de este trabajo, además de haber sido una experiencia gratificante. Gracias por su constante apoyo y su ayuda infinita.Asimismo, dar las gracias también a Vicente Herrero, Jose María Monzó, Ana Ros y Ramón J. Aliaga. Ellos dieron vida a un ambiente de trabajo idóneo, aportándome mucho más que ayuda y conocimientos. Del mismo modoÁngel Tébar, Rafael Gadea y Jorge Daniel siempre han estado dispuestos a ayudar en todo cuanto han podido.Mi estancia en el instituto Fraunhofer de Erlangen me ha permitido acelerar mi formación y vivir unas experiencias de lo más satisfactorias. Todo ello ha sido gracias a la magnífica gente con la que he tenido el placer de colaborar y convivir. Gracias a Eberhard Bär y a toda la incontable gente del Fraunhofer IISB.Un mérito especial se merecen mi familia y mis amigos por aguantarme todo este tiempo sin perder la paciencia conmigo ni en los peores momentos. Es de un valor incalculable tener tantos hombros en los que poder dejarte caer para coger las fuerzas suficientes para seguir. Gracias Isidor y Lourdes, gracias Ferran y Andreu, y gracias Vicente, Enric y David.iii No podía faltar mi particular aimia, Nuria.Ella se merece un eterno agradecimiento por haber tenido que vivir todo esto conmigo. Compañera de todas y cada una de las experiencias, buenas y malas, de esta larga aventura. Animándome en todo momento, siempre ayudándome con un altruismo deslumbrante y enseñándome una inmensidad de conocimientos. Ella, ha sido y es, mi llir entre cards.Una vez más, muchísimas gracias a todos. iv SummaryThe main topic of the present thesis is the improvement of fabrication processes simulation by means of the Level Set (LS) method. The LS is a mathematical approach used for evolving fronts according to a motion defined by certain laws. The main advantage of this method is that the front is embedded inside a higher dimensional function such that updating this function instead of directly the front it...

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The low-complexity RF MEMS switch at EADS: an overview

Cited by 6 publications

References 17 publications

Cryogenic Control Architecture for Large-Scale Quantum Computing

Cryogenic Control Architecture for Large-Scale Quantum Computing

Superconducting Switch for Fast On-Chip Routing of Quantum Microwave Fields

Study, Modelling and Implementation of the Level Set Method Used in Micromachining Processes

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