The loss of episodic memories in retrograde amnesia: single–case and group studies

Kopelman, Michael D.; Kapur, Narinder

doi:10.1098/rstb.2001.0942

Cited by 96 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…Retrograde amnesia has received increasing attention recently, with a growing number of debates emerging about the types, relative severity (particularly in relation to anterograde amnesia), and temporal gradient of remote memory impairment (Kopelman and Kapur, 2001; Squire and Bayley, 2007). More sophisticated methods for testing the challenging domain of autobiographical memory in patients with focal amnesias have demonstrated intact remote memory in patients with damage restricted to hippocampal formation (Kirwan et al , 2008).…”

Section: Human Memory Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Episodic Memory System: Neurocircuitry and Disorders

Dickerson

Eichenbaum

2009

Neuropsychopharmacol

518

398

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The ability to encode and retrieve our daily personal experiences, called episodic memory, is supported by the circuitry of the medial temporal lobe (MTL), including the hippocampus, which interacts extensively with a number of specific distributed cortical and subcortical structures. In both animals and humans, evidence from anatomical, neuropsychological, and physiological studies indicates that cortical components of this system have key functions in several aspects of perception and cognition, whereas the MTL structures mediate the organization and persistence of the network of memories whose details are stored in those cortical areas. Structures within the MTL, and particularly the hippocampus, have distinct functions in combining information from multiple cortical streams, supporting our ability to encode and retrieve details of events that compose episodic memories. Conversely, selective damage in the hippocampus, MTL, and other structures of the large-scale memory system, or deterioration of these areas in several diseases and disorders, compromises episodic memory. A growing body of evidence is converging on a functional organization of the cortical, subcortical, and MTL structures that support the fundamental features of episodic memory in humans and animals.

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Section: Human Memory Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Episodic Memory System: Neurocircuitry and Disorders

Dickerson

Eichenbaum

2009

Neuropsychopharmacol

518

398

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“…They are also fairly common; in a study of autobiographical memory in college students, over 30% of elicited memories were of this type (Rubin, Schrauf, & Greenberg, 2003). These memories can be treated as points on a continuum (Cabeza & St. Jacques, 2007; Kazui, Hashimoto, Hirono, & Mori, 2003; Kopelman & Kapur, 2001) or as a qualitatively different type of memory (Conway & Pleydell-Pearce, 2000). While several authors have justifiably cautioned against the endless multiplication of memory types (Roediger & Blaxton, 1987; Weldon, 1999), there is at least some utility to focusing on such general memories; individuals with SD or major depression can produce them even though they have great difficulty generating memories that meet the strict definition of “episodic.”…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interdependence of episodic and semantic memory: Evidence from neuropsychology

Greenberg

Verfaellie

2010

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

241

133

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Tulving's (1972) theory of memory draws a distinction between general knowledge (semantic memory) and memory for events (episodic memory). Neuropsychological studies have generally examined each type of memory in isolation, but theorists have long argued that these two forms of memory are interdependent. Here we review several lines of neuropsychological research that have explored the interdependence of episodic and semantic memory. The studies show that these forms of memory can affect each other both at encoding and at retrieval. We suggest that theories of memory should be revised to account for all of the interdependencies between episodic and semantic memory; they should also incorporate forms of memory that do not fit neatly into either category.

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“…In the present study, the PFC patients were particularly impaired in generating episodic details, whereas the semantic aspects of past and future event constructions were relatively well persevered. These findings accord with previous reports that frontal lobe lesions specifically impair episodic autobiographical memory (Conway & Fthenaki, ; Della Sala et al ., ; Kopelman & Kapur, ; Kopelman et al ., ; Levine et al ., ; Piolino et al ., ), and suggest that episodic, but not semantic, autobiographical memory is highly reliant on the PFC. This is also consistent with studies showing that patients with prefrontal damage often show diminished memory for the context surrounding an event, such as the source and recency of remembered information (e.g., Johnson, Hashtroudi, & Lindsay, ; Schacter, Harbluk, & McLachlan, ; Shimamura, Janowsky, & Squire, ; Simons et al ., ), and are impaired in remember/know judgements and episodic memory tasks (e.g., Duarte, Ranganath, & Knight, ; Wheeler & Stuss, ; Wheeler, Stuss, & Tulving, ), all of which are considered an index of episodic remembering (Wheeler et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%