The Longitudinal Orthokeratology Research in Children (LORIC) in Hong Kong: A Pilot Study on Refractive Changes and Myopic Control

Cho, Pauline; Cheung, Sin Wan; Edwards, Marion H.

doi:10.1080/02713680590907256

Cited by 469 publications

(443 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…While these data provide a reference point, they do not provide normative data on axial length increase during childhood. This is due to numerous variables that may contribute to refractive and axial length changes including age of myopia onset [27,31], ethnicity [31][32][33][34][35][36], hours of near work [37], hours of time spent outdoors [38], mode of refractive correction [20,24,39] and parental history of myopia [40]. …”

Section: Axial Length Changes With Other Modes Of Correctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ortho-K is the application of specially-designed, reverse-geometry; rigid-gas-permeable contact lenses worn only while sleeping to temporarily reshape the cornea, such that refractive error is corrected without the need to wear any correction during waking hours. To date, numerous clinical studies have reported a beneficial effect of Ortho-K on slowing or stopping myopic progression [20][21][22][23][24][25]. Ortho-K requires adherence to prescribed wear time, and children in one retrospective study were shown to be very adherent to the prescribed Ortho-K wearing schedule [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Axial Length in Orthokeratology Patients: Large Case Series

Lipson¹

2016

AOVS

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Purpose: To evaluate axial length measurements obtained over a three-year period in children undergoing Orthokeratology (Ortho-K).Methods: Patient records were identified from a specialty contact lens practice. Data were obtained from myopic patients who were prescribed Ortho-K wear. Demographic data at baseline included age at commencement of Ortho-K and ethnicity. Clinical data recorded at baseline and at years 1, 2 and 3 included subjective refraction, corneal topography, corneal curvature, axial length, pupil size, and lens design, changes in lens parameters, lens wear habits, wearing time and unaided visual acuity. The primary outcome measure was change in axial length during the study period.Results: 194 eyes of 97 subjects were included in data analysis. Mean age at start of Ortho-K was 10.4 years (SD=1.9). Mean axial length was 24.59 mm (SD=0.85) at baseline and 24.87 mm (SD=0.87) at the three year evaluation, for a mean change in axial length of 0.28 mm (SD=0.64). 65.5% of eyes (n=127) showed little or no change (<0.5 mm) in axial length during the study period. 20.1% of eyes (n=39) showed moderate increase in axial length of 0.5-1.0 mm and14.4% of eyes (n=28) showed >1.0 mm increase in axial length during the 3-year study period. Linear mixed regression analysis showed a significant association between older age at initiation of Ortho-K and less increase in axial length (p=0.0077). Axial length changes were not associated with duration of wear (both hours/night and nights/week) or baseline corneal curvature. Conclusion:Use of Ortho-K may help reduce axial length elongation in myopic eyes. Age of the initial treatment is a key factor. The baseline of cornea curvature and duration of the wear are not directly associated with treatment outcome. Of note, during the three-year study, 65.5% of treated eyes (n=127) showed a minimal or clinically insignificant increase of axial length (<0.5mm). Early treatment should be considered.

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Section: Axial Length Changes With Other Modes Of Correctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Axial Length in Orthokeratology Patients: Large Case Series

Lipson¹

2016

AOVS

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“…12 Although a retrospective study 13 and a case report 14 on the subject were previously published, only two prospective studies have assessed the effect of orthokeratology contact lens wear on myopia progression in children. 15,16 Over a two-year period, Cho et al 15 monitored the increase in axial length in 35 Hong-Kong Chinese children aged 7 to 12 who were fitted with orthokeratology lenses, and compared the rate of change of axial length with that observed in a historical control group made up of 35 children wearing single-vision spectacles. Both groups were matched for age, gender and baseline spherical equivalent refractive error.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the Walline et al 16 study was unable to recruit a prospective control group. Since Cho et al 15 and Walline et al 16 employed historical prospective control groups, subjects were not randomized into one modality of visual correction vs. another. Additionally, these two previous studies measured axial-length growth using A-scan ultrasonography.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myopia Control with Orthokeratology Contact Lenses in Spain (MCOS): Study Design and General Baseline Characteristics

Santodomingo-Rubido¹,

Villa-Collar

Gilmartin

et al. 2009

Journal of Optometry

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PURPOSE:Although previous studies suggest that orthokeratology contact lens wear slows eye growth in children with progressing myopia, some limitations in the methodology employed have become evident. Furthermore, the safety of this modality of visual correction has not been assessed. The study "Myopia Control with Orthokeratology Contact Lenses in Spain" (MCOS) is being conducted to compare axial length growth between white European myopic children wearing orthokeratology contact lenses (OK) and wearing distance single-vision spectacles (SV). Additionally, the incidence of adverse events and discontinuations is also recorded. We outline the methodology and baseline data adopted. METHODS: Subjects aged 6 to 12, with myopia ranging from 0.75 to 4.00 D and astigmatism ≤1.00 D were prospectively allocated OK or SV correction. Measurements of axial length, anterior chamber depth, corneal topography, cycloplegic autorefraction, visual acuity and corneal staining are performed at 6-month intervals. The incidence of adverse events and discontinuations are also recorded. RESULTS: Thirty one children were fitted with OK and 31 with SV correction. Eight subjects did not meet the refraction-related inclusion criteria for enrollment. No significant differences were found in baseline mean age and refractive and biometric data between the two groups (P>0.05). No adverse events were found in any of the two groups at baseline. CONCLUSION: To the authors' knowledge, MCOS is the first prospective clinical trial to assess the safety and efficacy of orthokeratology contact lens wear to slow myopia progression vs. single-vision spectacle wear. The MCOS offers a number of notable features: prospective design; well-matched samples and high-resolution ocular biometry measures, which should collectively elucidate whether orthokeratology contact lens wear is a feasible and safe method for myopia-progression control. (J Optom 2009;2:215-222 ©2009 Spanish Council of Optometry) KEY WORDS: myopia control; orthokeratology; axial length; myopia progression; eye elongation. RESUMEN OBJETIVO:A pesar de que estudios previos sugieren que el uso de lentes de contacto para ortoqueratología ralentizan el crecimiento ocular en niños con miopía progresiva, ha quedado de manifiesto algunas limitaciones en la metodología empleada en dichos estudios. Además, hasta la fecha no se ha evaluado la seguridad de esta modalidad de corrección visual. El estudio "Control de la miopía con lentes de contacto para ortoqueratología en España" (MCOS, según sus siglas en inglés) se está llevando a cabo para evaluar el aumento de la longitud axial ocular en niños miopes europeos de raza blanca, usuarios de lentes de contacto de ortoqueratología frente a usuarios de gafas monofocales. Además, también se está evaluando la incidencia de reacciones adversas y abandonos. En este artículo explicamos la metodología empleada, así como los datos iniciales del estudio. MÉTODOS: Se asignó de manera prospectiva corrección OK o SV a sujetos de entre 6 y 12 años de edad, con ...

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“…Cho et al (2005) and Walline et al (2009) were first to report 47% and 55% less axial elongation respectively when compared to historical controls over 2 years of OK lens wear. Swarbrick et al (2015) demonstrated a halt in myopic progression of OK treated eyes when compared to contralateral RGP-wearing eyes over two six-month periods in a crossover study.…”

Section: Orthokeratology: Effect On Myopia Progressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Binocular Visual Function in Orthokeratology Contact Lens Wear for Myopia

Gifford¹

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The Longitudinal Orthokeratology Research in Children (LORIC) in Hong Kong: A Pilot Study on Refractive Changes and Myopic Control

Cited by 469 publications

References 23 publications

Axial Length in Orthokeratology Patients: Large Case Series

Axial Length in Orthokeratology Patients: Large Case Series

Myopia Control with Orthokeratology Contact Lenses in Spain (MCOS): Study Design and General Baseline Characteristics

Binocular Visual Function in Orthokeratology Contact Lens Wear for Myopia

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