Axial Length in Orthokeratology Patients: Large Case Series

Lipson, Michael

doi:10.15406/aovs.2016.05.00154

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Only two out of 32 subjects in the present sample of children (up to 11 years of age) showed such an AL reduction, while 20 out of 30 in the older group (over 11 years of age) showed AL reduction, with 13 out of 20 presenting a reduction equal or higher than 50 μm. This phenomenon in the older group is in agreement with data from Lipson et al 34 It does not mean that children do not experience such behaviour, but their faster axial elongation potentially compensates for that. This AL reduction can be at least in part explained by the fact that the choroidal thickness increases during orthokeratology, thus shortening the vitreous chamber rather than changing in the outer scleral layer; however, this needs to be further investigated.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Refractive, biometric and corneal topographic parameter changes during 12-months of orthokeratology

Queirós

Lopes-Ferreira

Yeoh

et al. 2020

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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Background: The aim of this study was to monitor refractive, topographic and biometric changes in Singaporean myopic children fitted with orthokeratology over a period of 12 months. Methods: Data from 62 myopic eyes from an Asian population corrected with orthokeratology were retrospectively collected from an optometric clinic in Singapore. Anterior segment parameters were analysed with a Pentacam. Axial length was measured using the IOLMaster and refraction was assessed by subjective examination before the treatment and after one night, one week, and one, three, six and 12 months. A logistic regression model was built to evaluate the probability of slower (< 0.10 mm/year) or faster eye growth (≥ 0.10 mm/year). Results: Subjects had a mean age of 12.2 AE 3.9 years (range 5-19 years), and 71 per cent were female. Baseline myopia was −3.95 AE 1.59 D (range −1.50 and −8.75 D). Statistically significant differences were found after 12 months of treatment for refractive error, parameters of the central anterior corneal surface (curvature and elevation) and central corneal thickness. Topographic and thickness changes stabilised after one week of treatment. During 12 months of orthokeratology treatment there was a significant increase of axial length (difference = 0.11 AE 0.18 mm, p < 0.001) while refraction remained stable. Changes in axial length of subjects above 11 years were not statistically significantly independent of the baseline myopia, and in subjects with baseline myopia greater than 4.00 D. Logistic regression showed that each additional year of age and each additional dioptre of baseline myopia decreased the probability of faster axial elongation (odds ratio [OR] = 1.23, 2.19 95% CI; OR = 1.08, 3.47 95% CI, respectively). Conclusion: Corneal parameters in orthokeratology treatment were stable after one week, particularly for myopes under 4.00 D. Axial length did not change significantly in children older than 11 years of age or in subjects with myopia above 4.00 D undergoing orthokeratology treatment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…B2,B4,B5,B6,12,13,14,15,16,23,24,25,26,34,35,36,45,46 B4,B5,B6,12,14,15,16,23,24,25,26,34,35,36,45,46,56 Differences of refractive (M), biometric and topographic parameters (mean AE SD) of the population according different periods of time of total 12 months of evaluations in function of gender and age groups…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Refractive, biometric and corneal topographic parameter changes during 12-months of orthokeratology

Queirós

Lopes-Ferreira

Yeoh

et al. 2020

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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“…In recent years, many scholars have noticed the axial shortening of partial subjects at the initial stage of orthokeratology, which may explain why many studies have shown that the axial growth rate in the initial stage is much slower than that in the subsequent stage [18][19][20][21] . Some studies have indicated that the average axial length of the eye has a negative growth in the initial stage [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] . Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the pattern of axial shortening in the entire period of orthokeratology because neglecting the initial axial shortening and axial rebound after discontinued wear may cause overestimation of the control effect [14] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to our study, the AL of the subjects with axial shortening started to grow after one month of wearing OK lenses and then did not return to baseline until the 7th month and began to exceed baseline at nearly the 13th month. With regard to the degree of axial shortening, the data of other studies can be seen in Table 2 [8][9][10][11][12][13]15] . Overall, the amount of axial shortening after one month of wearing in the ALS group of our study (0.08±0.04 mm) was between the results of these studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, several studies showed statistically signi cant axial length (AL) shortening during the study period, especially in the early stage of the trials [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] . The occurrences of shortened axial length have been studied by an increasing number of scholars, and it has been proposed that central corneal thinning combined with choroidal thickening contributes to apparent axial length shortening [14][15][16] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Axial Length Shortening After Orthokeratology and Its Relationship With Myopic Control

Wang

Shen

Wang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Purpose: To determine the pattern of axial variation in subjects with initial shortened axial length during the entire period of orthokeratology and to discuss the possibility of shortened AL after one month of orthokeratology becoming a predictor of myopia control.Method: This study retrospectively included 106 children with myopia aged 8 to 14 wearing OK lenses. eyes with shortened axial length (AL) at the first-month visit were enrolled in the axial length shortening (ALS) group, and 52 eyes without shortened AL were enrolled in the no axial length shortening (NALS) group. Axial length and refractive error at baseline and within the entire period of orthokeratology (20 months), including fitting, washout period and re-wear, were measured.Results: In the ALS group, AL became longer after shortening and slowly exceeded baseline; afterward, AL experienced a rebound during the washout period and shortened again if OK lenses were re-worn. After washout period, significant difference in AL (ALS:0.28±0.19 mm, NALS: 0.52±0.17 mm) and spherical equivalent(ALS:-0.43±0.44D, NALS:-0.91±0.40D) between the two groups were found(P＜0.05). The changes in AL and SE were both significantly correlated with the changes in AL at the first-month visit (P＜0.05).Conclusion: After AL is shortened in the initial stage of orthokeratology, it will experience a rapid rebound during the washout period, and the shortening can reappear when re-wearing OK lenses. Hence, only including the washout period can we make an objective evaluation of orthokeratology. In addition, the existence and degree of axial shortening can be used as a predictor of long-term myopia development.

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Axial length shortening after orthokeratology and its relationship with myopic control

et al. 2022

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Purpose To determine the pattern of axial variation in subjects with initial shortened axial length during the entire period of orthokeratology and to discuss the possibility of shortened AL after one month of orthokeratology becoming a predictor of myopia control. Method This study retrospectively included 106 children with myopia aged 8 to 14 wearing OK lenses. Fifty-four eyes with shortened axial length (AL) at the first-month visit were enrolled in the axial length shortening (ALS) group, and fifty-two eyes without shortened AL were enrolled in the no axial length shortening (NALS) group. Axial length and refractive error at baseline and within the entire period of orthokeratology (20 months), including fitting, washout period and re-wear, were measured. Eighty-five children who started wearing single vision spectacle were also included as a control group. Results In the ALS group, AL became longer after shortening and slowly exceeded baseline; afterward, AL experienced a rebound during the washout period and shortened again if OK lenses were re-worn. After washout period, significant difference in AL (ALS:0.28 ± 0.19 mm, NALS: 0.52 ± 0.17 mm) and spherical equivalent (ALS:-0.43 ± 0.44D, NALS:-0.91 ± 0.40D) between the two groups were found(P<0.05). The changes in AL and SE were both significantly correlated with the changes in AL at the first-month visit (P<0.05). Conclusion After AL is shortened in the initial stage of orthokeratology, it will experience a rapid rebound during the washout period, and the shortening can reappear when re-wearing OK lenses. Hence, the evaluation of orthokeratology will be more objective and accurate after the wash-out period. In addition, the existence and degree of axial shortening can be used as a predictor of long-term myopia development.

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Axial Length in Orthokeratology Patients: Large Case Series

Cited by 3 publications

References 57 publications

Refractive, biometric and corneal topographic parameter changes during 12-months of orthokeratology

Refractive, biometric and corneal topographic parameter changes during 12-months of orthokeratology

Axial Length Shortening After Orthokeratology and Its Relationship With Myopic Control

Axial length shortening after orthokeratology and its relationship with myopic control

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