Axial length shortening after orthokeratology and its relationship with myopic control

Xiong

et al. 2022

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

Purpose To compare the treatment efficacy between repeated low-level red light (RLRL) therapy and 0.01% atropine eye drops for myopia control. Methods A single-masked, single-center, randomized controlled trial was conducted on children 7 to 15 years old with cycloplegic spherical equivalent refraction (SER) ≤ −1.00 diopter (D) and astigmatism ≤ 2.50 D. Participants were randomly assigned to the RLRL group or low-dose atropine (LDA, 0.01% atropine eye drops) group and were followed up at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. RLRL treatment was provided by a desktop light therapy device that emits 650-nm red light. The primary outcome was the change in axial length (AL), and the secondary outcome was the change in SER. Results Among 62 eligible children equally randomized to each group (31 in the RLRL group, 31 in the LDA group), 60 children were qualified for analysis. The mean 1-year change in AL was 0.08 mm (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.03–0.14) in the RLRL group and 0.33 mm (95% CI, 0.27–0.38) in the LDA group, with a mean difference (MD) of −0.24 mm (95% CI, −0.32 to −0.17; P < 0.001). The 1-year change in SER was −0.03 D (95% CI, −0.01 to −0.08) in the RLRL group and −0.60 D (95% CI, −0.7 to −0.48) in the LDA group (MD = 0.57 D; 95% CI, 0.40–0.73; P < 0.001). The progression of AL < 0.1 mm was 53.2% and 9.7% ( P < 0.001) in the RLRL and LDA groups, respectively. For AL ≥ 0.36 mm, progression was 9.7% and 50.0% ( P < 0.001) in the RLRL and LDA groups, respectively. Conclusions In this study, RLRL was more effective for controlling AL and myopia progression over 12 months of use compared with 0.01% atropine eye drops. Translational Relevance RLRL therapy significantly slows axial elongation and myopia progression compared with 0.01% atropine; thus, it is an effective alternative treatment for myopia control in children.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Efficacy Comparison of Repeated Low-Level Red Light and Low-Dose Atropine for Myopia Control: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Xiong

et al. 2022

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

“…Including additional lens types could improve the accuracy and efficiency of the machine learning model for a broader OK lens market. In addition, Wang et al 35 reported that short periods of axial length change could be used as a predictor of long‐term myopia development. Therefore, the machine learning model included the initial changes that could increase the accuracy of the axial length prediction model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Machine learning models for orthokeratology lens fitting and axial length prediction

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2023

PurposeIn order to improve the efficiency of orthokeratology (OK) lens fitting and predict the axial length after 1 year of OK lens wear, machine learning models were proposed.MethodsClinical data from 1302 myopic subjects were collected retrospectively, and two machine learning models were implemented. Demographic and corneal topographic data were collected as input variables. The output variables were the parameters of the OK lens and the axial length after 1 year. Eighty percent of input variables was used as the training set and the remaining 20% was used as the validation set. The first alignment curve (AC1) of the OK lenses, deduced using machine learning models and formula calculation, were compared. Multiple regression models (support vector machine, Gaussian process, decision tree and random forest) were used to predict the axial length after 1 year. In addition, we classified data based on lens brand, and carried out more detailed parameter fitting and analysis for spherical and toric OK lenses.ResultsThe OK lens fitting model showed higher (R2 = 0.93) and lower errors (mean absolute error [MAE] = 0.19, mean square error [MSE] = 0.09) when predicting AC1, compared with the formula calculation (R2 = 0.66, MAE = 0.44, MSE = 0.25). The machine learning model still had high R2 values ranging from 0.91 to 0.96 when considering the brand and design of the OK lenses. Further, the R2 value for the axial length prediction model was 0.94, which indicated that the machine learning model had high accuracy and good robustness.ConclusionThe OK lens fitting model and the axial length prediction model played an important role in guiding OK lens fitting, with high accuracy and robustness in prediction performance.

Eye &Amp; Contact Lens: Science &Amp; Clinical Practice

“…The first AL was defined as the first AL after ortho-k lens wear for at least 6 months to avoid the fluctuation of AL at the early stage of ortho-k lens wear around 1 to 3 months. 2,23…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AL after ortho-k lens wear for at least 6 months to avoid the fluctuation of AL at the early stage of ortho-k lens wear around 1 to 3 months. 2,23 Ortho-K Lenses All children were treated with ortho-k lenses by the same brand (DreimLens). Astigmatic lenses were also prescribed for improved centration as required.…”

Section: Measurement Of Relative Distances and Grayscale Of Lpap To D...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Location of Corneal Pigmented Arc and Myopia Control Efficacy in Orthokeratology-Treated Children Using Pentacam Measurements

Kuo,

Chuang,

Lai

et al. 2024

Objectives: To determine the location and intensity of the corneal pigmented arc in orthokeratology (ortho-k)-treated children and its relationship with annual axial length (AL) change using Pentacam. Methods: This retrospective cohort study enrolled children aged 9 to 15 years who had been followed up for at least one year after ortho-k treatment for myopia control. A Pentacam was used to determine the location and intensity of pigmented arc after lens wear. Annual AL changes were further used as the outcome measurement to determine their relationships with the location and intensity of pigmented arc using generalized estimating equations (GEE). Results: In total, 62 eyes from 33 patients (mean age 10.9 years) were included in our final analysis. The mean follow-up time was 30.6 months. The mean annual AL changes were 0.10 mm. Age statistically correlated with annual AL change (GEE, P=0.033). In addition, the annual AL change was negatively associated with the relative vertical distance of the lowest density of pigmented arc point based on the visual center, pupil center, and corneal thinnest point after adjustment with age (P=0.005, P=0.004, and P<0.001, respectively). Conclusions: Pentacam could be a useful tool for evaluating the location and intensity of the corneal pigmented arc. In addition, there was a negative correlation between the vertical distance of the pigmented arc and annual AL change. These findings may provide important information regarding myopia control, next-generation ortho-k design, and prescription.