The Long Walk to Knowledge: On the Determinants of Higher Education Mobility to Europe

Didisse, Jonas; Nguyen-Huu, Thanh Tam; Tran, Thi Anh-Dao

doi:10.1080/00220388.2018.1475647

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Moullan [14] finds similar results, showing that a higher GDP per capita at the destination does not increase the inflows of medical professionals. This finding is also in line with previous results reported by Grogger and Hanson [53], Mayda [9] and Didisse et al [54], who show how an increase in GDP per capita in the home country may increase emigration flows.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…This result is in line with the findings of Moullan [14], who also observes a positive correlation. One explanation might be that the size of the tertiary education system is highly correlated with the country size, which, in turn, is a determining factor in attracting a workforce from abroad [54]. The positive and statistically significant coefficient on the remuneration of physicians indicates that higher wages in the destination country trigger out migration in origin countries.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physicians’ brain drain - a gravity model of migration flows

Botezat

Ramos

2020

Global Health

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Background: The past two decades have been marked by impressive growth in the migration of medical doctors. The medical profession is among the most mobile of highly skilled professions, particularly in Europe, and is also the sector that experiences the most serious labour shortages. However, surprisingly little is known about how medical doctors choose their destinations. In addition, the literature is scarce on the factors determining the sharp rise in the migration of doctors from Africa, Asia and Eastern and Southeastern Europe, and how the last economic crisis has shaped the migration flows of health professionals. Methods: We use the new module on health worker migration provided by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) for 2000-2016 in order to examine the channels through which OECD countries attract foreign physicians from abroad. We estimate a gravity model using the Pseudo-Poisson Maximum Likelihood estimator. Results: Our results reveal that a lower unemployment rate, good remuneration of physicians, an aging population, and a high level of medical technology at the destination are among the main drivers of physicians' brain drain. Furthermore, an analysis of the mobility of medical doctors from a number of regions worldwide shows that individuals react differently on a country-wise basis to various determinants present in the destination countries. Physicians from African countries are particularly attracted to destination countries offering higher wages, and to those where the density of medical doctors is relatively low. Concurrently, a higher demand for healthcare services and better medical technology in the receiving country drives the inflow of medical doctors from Central and Eastern Europe, while Asian doctors seem to preferentially migrate to countries with better school systems. Conclusions: This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the channels through which OECD countries attract foreign medical doctors from abroad. We find that, apart from dyadic factors, a lower unemployment rate, good remuneration of physicians, an aging population, and good medical infrastructure in the host country are among the main drivers of physicians' brain drain. Furthermore, we find that utility from migration to specific countries may be explained by the heterogeneity of origin countries.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicians’ brain drain - a gravity model of migration flows

Botezat

Ramos

2020

Global Health

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“…Many economic, social, and other factors, like the willingness to work in foreign countries, or the acquisition of international identity or consciousness, affect the enrolment of students in a host university [14]. One of the barriers is language and the other is financial support.…”

Section: Outgoing Mobility At Miem: General Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

International Student Mobility: An Empirical Study Based on FEUP Mechanical Engineering Data

Castro

Barbosa

2021

Education Sciences

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Students are formal learners seeking documented and recognized tertiary education. Student mobility in higher education can be inward (into a country) or outward (out of a country). Both types of mobility are educational processes offering different experiences and resulting in different outcomes. At least half of MIEM (Integrated Mechanical Engineering master degree of the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal) students are driven to seek different institutions and different societies outside their known environment. During the academic year 2019/20 one hundred and forty MIEM students were engaged on exchange mobility projects distributed among inward Portuguese universities and a large number of outward European and non-European programs. This report focuses on MIEM student exchange aiming to share collected data based on numbers and experiences. A developed questionnaire addressing exchange mobility benefits on student educational progression as well as on the foreseen future career was handled to all 2019/20 mobility students and the collected data are reported here. Results of the survey show that 90% of the responding students consider that the engaged exchange program will turn into a positive influence on their career and a short 10% did not appreciate the mobility experience.

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“…Of these tertiary enrolment rate had the largest impact on FDI inflows. A study on flow of students for higher education Didisse et al (2019) suggests that FDI and migration of students for higher education is linked along with other factors like linguistic relations and networking stock. A comparative study (Kottaridi et al , 2019) between Eastern and Western European economies focusses on the quality aspect of education rather than the quantitative achievements and suggests that achievements in vocational educations is helpful in attracting inward FDI compared to theoretical education.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cross-country analysis of the relationship between human capital and foreign direct investment

Sethi

Baby

Sharma

2021

JES

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PurposeThe Zhang–Markusen (Z-M) inverse U-shape theory uses education as a human capital variable to investigate the impact of educational attainment on foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows to a country. The objective of this research is to empirically test this theory in a cross-country framework.Design/methodology/approachFixed effect panel regression has been used to test the Z-M hypothesis for 172 countries for the period 1990–2015. For the purpose of this study, countries were divided into four groups as per the World Bank classification: Low-income economies, lower middle-income countries, upper middle-income economies and high-income economies.FindingsThe findings of this study reinforce the proposition that macroeconomic factors are the major determinants of FDI inflows into various countries. The authors find that the size of the market measured by gross domestic product (GDP), the growth potential of the market measured by real GDP growth rate and the availability of infrastructure are the major factors that enhance the attractiveness of a country as an FDI destination.Originality/valueThough the Z-M theory has been empirically tested in cross-country frameworks, no consensus has been reached. Thus, it is interesting to look again at the validity of the Z-M hypothesis using data covering longer and more recent periods. The study includes both macroeconomic and human capital determinants of FDI, so as to arrive at a comprehensive model explaining the FDI flows into various countries.

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The Long Walk to Knowledge: On the Determinants of Higher Education Mobility to Europe

Cited by 14 publications

References 35 publications

Physicians’ brain drain - a gravity model of migration flows

Physicians’ brain drain - a gravity model of migration flows

International Student Mobility: An Empirical Study Based on FEUP Mechanical Engineering Data

A cross-country analysis of the relationship between human capital and foreign direct investment

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