The long-term impact of urbanization on nitrogen patterns and dynamics in Shanghai, China

Gu, Baojing; Dong, Xiaoli; Peng, Changhui; Luo, Weidong; Chang, Jie; Ge, Ying

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2012.07.015

Cited by 87 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…Shlomo Angel used a sample of 120 cities for the period 1990-2000 and 3,646 cities for the year 2000 to discuss urban density, speed of urban sprawl, fragmentation of built-up areas and urban ecological footprint and their interactions (Angel et al, 2005;Angel, 2012). In addition, many scholars have looked at the impact models and mechanisms of landscape change in the course of urbanization (Summers et al, 2015), carbon and nitrogen cycles (Lorenz and Lal, 2015;Gu et al, 2012), net primary productivity (Imhoff et al, 2004) and urban biodiversity (Hansen et al, 2005;Savard et al, 2000).…”

Section: Urbanization and Ecosystem Positive And Negative Feedback Mementioning

confidence: 99%

International progress and evaluation on interactive coupling effects between urbanization and the eco-environment

2016

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Global urbanization is exerting severe stress and having far-reaching impacts on the eco-environment, and yet there exists a complex non-linear coupling relationship between the two. Research on the interactive coupling effect between urbanization and the eco-environment will be a popular area of study and frontier in international earth system science and sustainability science in the next 10 years, while also being a high-priority research topic of particular interest to international organizations. This paper systematically collates and summarizes the international progress made in research on interactive coupling theory, coupling relationships, coupling mechanisms, coupling laws, coupling thresholds, coupling models and coupling optimization decision support systems. The research shows that urbanization and eco-environment interactive coupling theories include the Kuznets curve theory, telecoupling theory, planetary boundaries theory, footprint family theory and urban metabolism theory; most research on interactive coupling relationships is concerned with single-element coupling relationships, such as those between urbanization and water, land, atmosphere, climate change, ecosystems and biodiversity; the majority of research on interactive coupling mechanisms and laws focuses on five research paradigms, including coupled human and nature systems, complex social-ecological systems, urban ecosystems, social-economic-natural complex ecosystems, and urbanization development and eco-environment constraint ring; the majority of interactive coupling simulations use STIRPAT models, coupling degree models, multi-agent system models and big data urban computer models; and research has been carried out on urbanization and eco-environment coupling thresholds, coercing risk and optimal decision support systems. An objective evaluation of progress in international research on interactive coupling between urbanization and the eco-environment suggests that there are six main research focal points and six areas lacking research: a lot of research exists on macroscopic coupling effects, with little research on urban agglomeration and scale coupling effects; considerable research exists on sin-

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Section: Urbanization and Ecosystem Positive And Negative Feedback Mementioning

confidence: 99%

International progress and evaluation on interactive coupling effects between urbanization and the eco-environment

2016

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“…In this study, the official statistical data from 2000 to 2012 were used, a time period in which an improved system of up-to-date data collection was in place. Uncertainties of estimation were based on data from the yearbooks, but because they used the same system for the statistic, the uncertainties were assumed to fall in the range of ±5 % (Gu et al 2012a). The coefficients used for the calculations of N fluxes were derived from field surveys and peer studies.…”

Section: Estimating Nr Emissions Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the resource consumption structure of Beijing, the sectors related to fuel combustion generally include petrochemical refining, electricity production, transportation, commercial activity, residential consumption, agricultural, and industrial and constructional activities. The emission factors for each fuel in the sectors were obtained from Gu et al (2012b) and Zhou et al (2014a) (Table 1), which are the most widely applied Nr emission factor datasets in China (Gu et al 2012a(Gu et al , 2013b(Gu et al , 2015. Given that the integrated statistics of Nr removal rates (i.e., the percentages of Nr emissions reduced by pollution control measures) in the sectors mentioned above are unavailable in Beijing, we set the annual Nr removal rates based on the NO x removal efficiency of sectors in China concluded by Hao et al (2002) and Shi et al (2014).…”

Section: Estimating Nr Emissions Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative evaluation of reactive nitrogen emissions with urbanization: a case study in Beijing megacity, China

Xian

Ouyang

et al. 2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The rapid increase in anthropogenic nitrogen (N) load in urbanized environment threatens urban sustainability. In this study, we estimated the amount of reactive N (Nr) as an index of N pollution potential caused by human activities, using the megacity of Beijing as a case study. We investigated the temporal changes in Nr emissions in the environment from 2000 to 2012 using a multidisciplinary approach with quantitative evaluation. The Nr emissions presented slightly increasing during study period, and the annual emission was 0.19 Tg N, mainly resulting from fuel combustion. Nevertheless, the Nr output intensity resulting from inhabitants' livelihoods and material production had weakened over the study period. The evaluation results showed that the environmental measures to remove Nr in Beijing were efficient in most years, suggesting that progress in mitigating the growth of the Nr load in this urban environment was significant. Further measures based on N offset are suggested that could help alleviate the environmental pressure resulting from anthropogenic Nr emissions. These could provide theoretical support for the sustainable development of megacities.

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“…For example, the nitrogen pattern is highly attributed to urbanization in Shanghai [56]. Deng et al [57] demonstrated that NO X as a vehicle emission should be controlled in Chinese megacities.…”

Section: Urban Development Disparity and No X Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air Pollution Inequality and Its Sources in SO2 and NOX Emissions among Chinese Provinces from 2006 to 2015

2018

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This paper investigates inequality in SO 2 and NO X emissions, by observing their extraordinary levels and uneven distribution in China during the period of the 11th and 12th Five-Year Plans (FYPs, 2006(FYPs, -2015. This provincial and regional analysis utilizing the Theil index and Kaya factors help us to find the trajectory of inequality and its primary sources. Based on our analysis, we conclude the driving factors behind emissions inequalities are as follows. There are four economic factors of per capita SO 2 emission: SO 2 emission intensity of coal consumption, coal intensity of power generation, power intensity of GDP, and per capita GDP. Additionally, there are four urban development factors of per capita NO X emission: NO X emission intensity of gasoline consumption, proportion of gasoline vehicles, vehicle use in urban population, and urbanization rate. The SO 2 emission results represent an increase of 6% in overall inequality where the inequality of power intensity of GDP is the main contributor. In terms of NO X emission, the 3% growth in total inequality is related to the high effect of NO X emission intensity of gasoline consumption. We also examine the effect of other factors affecting the trajectory of inequalities. To apply these results in practice, we compare the 11th and 12th FYPs and give some policy suggestions.

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The long-term impact of urbanization on nitrogen patterns and dynamics in Shanghai, China

Cited by 87 publications

References 35 publications

International progress and evaluation on interactive coupling effects between urbanization and the eco-environment

International progress and evaluation on interactive coupling effects between urbanization and the eco-environment

Quantitative evaluation of reactive nitrogen emissions with urbanization: a case study in Beijing megacity, China

Air Pollution Inequality and Its Sources in SO2 and NOX Emissions among Chinese Provinces from 2006 to 2015

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