The long-term effects of catchment liming and reduced sulphur deposition on forest soils and runoff chemistry in southwest Sweden

Löfgren, Stefan; Cory, Neil; Zetterberg, Therese; Larsson, Per-Erik; Kronnäs, Veronika

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2009.04.030

Cited by 40 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…Although Scandinavian surface waters have been recovering from acidification since the early 1990s in response to lower levels of acid deposition (Skjelkvåle et al, 2005), acid precipitation continues to exceed the critical load of many surface waters in sensitive areas such as southern Norway (Wright et al, 2005). Since forestry can contribute to acidification by leading to a net loss of base cations as a consequence of whole-tree harvesting (Akselsson et al, 2007), and maritime influence and catchment features also are important, there is not necessarily a recovery in pH associated with declines in acid precipitation (Löfgren et al 2009(Löfgren et al , 2011. Thus, both eutrophication and acidification will continue to be among the major impacts on freshwater ecosystems in the coming decades.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between pH and nutrients on benthic algae in streams and consequences for ecological status assessment and species richness patterns

Schneider

Kahlert

Kelly³

2013

Science of The Total Environment

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Eutrophication and acidification are among the major stressors on freshwater ecosystems in northern Europe and North America, but possible consequences of interactions between pH and nutrients on ecological status assessment and species richness patterns have not previously been assessed. Using data from 52 river sites throughout Norway, we investigated the combined effects of pH and nutrients on benthic algae assemblages, specifically 1) taxaspecific couplings between nutrient and acidity traits, 2) the degree of consistency between different biotic indices, separately for nutrients and acid conditions, 3) the impact of pH on nutrient indices and phosphorus on indices of acid conditions, and 4) the impact of pH and phosphorus supply on diatom and non-diatom taxon richness. We found that 1) acid-tolerant taxa are generally associated with nutrient-poor conditions, with only a few exceptions; this is probably more a consequence of habitat availability than reflecting true ecological niches; 2) correlation coefficients between nutrient indices and TP, as well as acid conditions indices and pH were barely affected when the confounding factor was removed; 3) the association of acid-tolerant taxa with nutrient-poor conditions means that the lowest possible nutrient index at a site, as indicated by benthic algae, is lower at acid than at circumneutral sites. Although 2 this may be an artefact of the datasets from which taxa-specific indicator values were derived, it could lead to a drift in nutrient indices with recovery from acidification; 4) the response of non-diatom taxon richness follows a complex pattern with a synergistic interaction between nutrient supply and pH. In contrast, diatom richness follows a simple additive pattern; this suggests structural differences between diatoms and non-diatom benthic algae in their response to nutrient supply and pH; diatom taxon richness tended to increase with nutrient supply, while non-diatom richness decreased.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between pH and nutrients on benthic algae in streams and consequences for ecological status assessment and species richness patterns

Schneider

Kahlert

Kelly³

2013

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Previous forest liming studies have shown increases in exchangeable Ca, cation exchange capacity, and base saturation in soil accompanied by decreases in exchangeable acidity and exchangeable Al. Liming has also been demonstrated to induce increases in Ca, pH, and ANC and decreases in Ali in stream water , Cirmo and Driscoll 1996, Hindar 2005, Huber et al 2006, Löfgren et al 2009.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Watershed-Level Responses to Calcium Silicate Treatment in a Northern Hardwood Forest

et al. 2012

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Approximately 2% of the added Ca and 7% of the added Si were exported from W1 in streamwater in the first six years after treatment. Watershed-scale Ca amendment with wollastonite appears to be an effective approach to mitigating effects of acidic deposition.Not only does it appear to alleviate acidification stress to forest vegetation, but it also provides for the long-term supply of ANC to acid-impacted rivers and lakes downstream.

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“…The wide range of expert views on this, from no improvements after 50 years to complete remediation of all acidified waters after 30 years, reflects the uncertainties. A recent evaluation by Löfgren et al (2009) , which was the dose proposed for large-scale forest soil liming, is insufficient to improve the acidification status in the streams of the limed catchments.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A poor biological state in lakes and watercourses will have to be accepted for some time until forest soil liming has a significant effect on runoff water quality. In the scenarios, based on the water chemical results from the experimental forest soil liming program administrated by the Swedish Forest Agency (Löfgren et al 2009), it is assumed that during the first 15 years after forest liming occurs, no socioeconomic values will rise. The amount of benefit between years 16 and 50 then differs between the scenarios.…”

Section: Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SKOKAL-streams are test sites for forest soil liming, where SKOKAL stands for SKOgsmarksKALkning (forest soil liming in Swedish). According to results of those studies made available after the expert workshop (Löfgren et al 2009), it is difficult to show a recovery created by forest soil liming that substantially differs from the recovery in nonlimed streams. The optimistic scenario is therefore unrealistic according to the results from Löfgren et al (2009).…”

Section: Forest Soil Liming: the Optimistic Scenariomentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Acidification Remediation Alternatives: Exploring the Temporal Dimension with Cost Benefit Analysis

Bostedt

Löfgren

Innala

et al. 2010

AMBIO

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Acidification of soils and surface waters caused by acid deposition is still a major problem in southern Scandinavia, despite clear signs of recovery. Besides emission control, liming of lakes, streams, and wetlands is currently used to ameliorate acidification in Sweden. An alternative strategy is forest soil liming to restore the acidified upland soils from which much acidified runoff originates. This cost-benefit analysis compared these liming strategies with a special emphasis on the time perspective for expected benefits. Benefits transfer was used to estimate use values for sport ffishing and nonuse values in terms of existence values. The results show that large-scale forest soil liming is not socioeconomically profitable, while lake liming is, if it is done efficiently-in other words, if only acidified surface waters are treated. The beguiling logic of ''solving'' an environmental problem at its source (soils), rather than continuing to treat the symptoms (surface waters), is thus misleading.

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The long-term effects of catchment liming and reduced sulphur deposition on forest soils and runoff chemistry in southwest Sweden

Cited by 40 publications

References 45 publications

Interactions between pH and nutrients on benthic algae in streams and consequences for ecological status assessment and species richness patterns

Interactions between pH and nutrients on benthic algae in streams and consequences for ecological status assessment and species richness patterns

Watershed-Level Responses to Calcium Silicate Treatment in a Northern Hardwood Forest

Acidification Remediation Alternatives: Exploring the Temporal Dimension with Cost Benefit Analysis

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