The long arm of job insecurity: Its impact on career-specific parenting behaviors and youths' career self-efficacy

Career-specific parental behaviors, career exploration and career adaptability: A three-wave investigation among Chinese undergraduates

“…In spite of the progress, there still exist questions related to the roles of these parental practices in the career Parental Behaviors and Career Adaptability 3 development of university students. First, previous research mainly relied on offspring's perceptions to measure career-specific parental behaviors (Dietrich & Kracke, 2009;Zhao, Lim, & Teo 2012). Although the validity of this operationalization has been supported, there still exists the need to measure this construct from the perspective of parents, to further corroborate previous findings (Dietrich & Kracke, 2009; Garcia, Restubog, Toledano, Tolentino, & Rafferty, 2012).…”

“…Career-specific parental behaviors refer to the concrete actions parents use to guide the career development of their children (Dietrich & Kracke, 2009). Career-specific parental behaviors are related to the general aspects of parental practices, such as general parenting styles (Tracey, Lent, Brown, Soresi, & Nota, 2006) and attachment styles with children (Blustein, Walbridge, Friedlander, & Palladino, 1991); at the same time, this concept also captures parents' specific understandings and interventions for the career development of their children (Zhao, Lim, & Teo, 2012). Dietrich and Kracke (2009) found that parental support (parents encourage youths to explore their career possibilities and provide advice whenever necessary), parental interference (parents intend to control their children's career preparation and career aspirations by imposing their own preferences), as well as the lack of parental career engagement (parents' inability or reluctance to get involved in their children's career development) serve as the basic elements of career-specific parental behaviors.…”

“…Dietrich and Kracke (2009) found that parental support (parents encourage youths to explore their career possibilities and provide advice whenever necessary), parental interference (parents intend to control their children's career preparation and career aspirations by imposing their own preferences), as well as the lack of parental career engagement (parents' inability or reluctance to get involved in their children's career development) serve as the basic elements of career-specific parental behaviors. Recent research has showed that these parental behaviors significantly predicted career exploration and career decision-making difficulties of adolescents, as well as the career self-efficacy of university students (Dietrich & Kracke, 2009;Zhao, Lim, & Teo, 2012). In spite of the progress, there still exist questions related to the roles of these parental practices in the career Parental Behaviors and Career Adaptability 3 development of university students.…”

The Far-Reaching Consequences of Job Insecurity: A Review on Family-Related Outcomes

“…Regarding JI, the spillover model suggests that JI, as a job stressor (as a primary anticipated resource loss), is most likely to affect family well-being indirectly, via the various stress reactions (mediators) it causes within an employee (see Zhao, Lim, & Teo, 2012). Indeed, JI may trigger various stress reactions in employees (subsequent resource losses in the form of occupational or overall impaired well-being), such as anxiety, depression, concentration problems, fatigue, irritability, or dissatisfaction (for reviews, see Cheng & Chan, 2008;Sverke et al, 2002).…”

“…Here, this means that JI experienced by an employee, affects the family members by impairing their well-being, satisfaction or performance due to the fact that an employee transfers his/her jobrelated worries to his/her spouse/partner or children (Kinnunen et al, 2013;Mauno & Kinnunen, 1999a;Westman et al, 2001;Zhao et al, 2012). Crossover occurs because emotional contagion (e.g., via empathy) is very likely in close relationships and because family is a shared social context for family members (Kinnunen et al, 2013;Levy & Nail, 1993;Westman et al, 2001).…”