The Little Penguin <i>Eudyptula Minor</i> in Victoria, II: Breeding

Reilly, Pauline; Cullen, J. M.

doi:10.1071/mu9810001

Cited by 131 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…However, the genetic exchange associated with fledglings breeding at non-natal colonies on maturity, and the movements of adults between colonies, is unclear because breeding status of observed 'immigrants' was not known and search effort has been concentrated at Phillip Island, possibly resulting in underestimation of intercolony movements and overestimation of natal philopatry. However, differences exist among southeast Australian colonies with respect to individual morphology, diet and breeding (Reilly and Cullen 1981;Cullen et al 1992;Overeem and Wallis 2003;Arnould et al 2004;Overeem 2005;Overeem et al 2006), which may reflect genetic isolation or environmental variation. For example, within southeast Australia, individuals east of Cape Otway have significantly smaller beaks than those to the west (Overeem et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Contrasting genetic structuring between colonies of the World’s smallest penguin, Eudyptula minor (Aves: Spheniscidae)

et al. 2007

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The Little Penguin, Eudyptula minor, is a seabird that nests in colonies throughout New Zealand and southern Australia. Individuals from different colonies in southeast Australia differ significantly in morphology and ecology, suggesting that some genetic structuring may exist among colonies. In contrast, the marking of individuals with flipper bands has revealed some, albeit infrequent, movement between colonies. To determine the extent of genetic structuring, we tested the null hypothesis of substantial gene flow within southeast Australia by examining patterns of genetic variation across seven colonies separated by up to 1,500 km. Phylogeographic structuring was absent for mitochondrial control region sequences (2-3 individuals per colony). Microsatellite allele frequencies at five loci and mitochondrial haplotype frequencies (50 individuals per colony) were also homogenous among the majority of colonies sampled, although two colonies at the western periphery of the sampling range were distinct from those to the east. The genetic homogeneity among the majority of colonies can be explained by low but consistent contemporary gene flow among them, or a recent founder event in Bass Strait following the last marine transgression. The genetic break towards the western end of the sampling distribution appears best explained by differences in sea surface temperature and, consequentially breeding phenology, the latter hindering genetically effective migration.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Contrasting genetic structuring between colonies of the World’s smallest penguin, Eudyptula minor (Aves: Spheniscidae)

et al. 2007

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“…They are monogamous. Mate fidelity is strong and the average divorce rate per year is approximately 17% (Reilly and Cullen 1981). Most birds start to breed by 3 years of age (Dann and Cullen 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of male call pitch on female behaviour and mate fidelity in little penguins

Miyazaki

Waas

2005

J Ethol

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Playback experiments with two loudspeakers were conducted to examine how female little penguins (Eudyptula minor) respond to bray calls of males that varied in (1) dominant frequency (low vs high) and (2) familiarity (current partner vs stranger). In the first experiment, there was no statistically significant difference in the number of approaching females between low-and high-pitch calls. In the second experiment, using calls from the current partner and a stranger, females were more likely to approach closer to their own partners' calls, regardless of the pitch of the stranger's call. We conclude that female little penguins may recognize their partners' calls (or at least familiar male calls) and appear to maintain mate fidelity even when larger, potentially more successful, strangers are on offer.

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“…Blue penguins fledged 0.94 chicks per nest on Matiu-Somes Island, Wellington, New Zealand, in 1995-97 (Bull 2000, or 58-96% of chicks fledged at Taiaroa Head, Otago, New Zealand, in 1992-98 (Perriman & Steen 2000, or on average 41% of little blue penguin chicks were fledged in Victoria, Australia, between 1968and 1978(Reilly & Cullen 1981, or 69-100% of hatched chicks fledged on Bowen Island, Australia, between 1987/88 and 1989/90 (Fortescue 1995. Although fledging success was variable between locations and seasons, both species appear to fledge fewer chicks on average than yellow-eyed penguins.…”

Section: Breeding Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The hatching success of the gentoo penguin is 90% (one season, 1976/77) on Bird Island (Croxall & Prince 1979), 67% on South Shetland Island (nine seasons, 1976/77-1985 (Trivelpiece et al 1987) and 61% on Possession Island (three seasons, 1983/84-1985/86) (Bost & Jouventin 1991). Blue penguins, sympatric with yellow-eyed penguins, have had reported a variable hatching success of 40-81% (seven seasons, 1992-98) (Perriman & Steen 2000) and 51-63% in New Zealand (two seasons, 1995-96) (Bull 2000) and its close relative the little penguin in Australia has a hatching success of 64% in Victoria (11 seasons, 1968-78) (Reilly & Cullen 1981), or 61-100% on Bowen Island (three seasons, 1987/88-1989/90) (Fortescue 1995). Therefore, the hatching success of yellow-eyed penguins is similar to that of the ecologically similar gentoo penguins and the sympatric blue penguin.…”

Section: Breeding Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival and breeding of yellow‐eyed penguins(Megadyptes antipodes),at two locations on Otago Peninsula, South Island, New Zealand, 1991–96

Ratz¹,

Darby²,

Edge³

et al. 2004

New Zealand Journal of Zoology

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Two breeding locations of the endangered yellow-eyed penguin (Megadyptes antipodes), were monitored for six seasons between 1991 and 1996 to assess breeding success, breeding frequency, and survival parameters. Breeding success was inversely related to the total number of nests, suggesting that an influx of inexperienced breeders decreases the average breeding success. The proportions of males not breeding at either location in a season ranged from 0 to 13%, and 0 and 23% for females. Between 75 and 92% of breeders were recorded breeding in two consecutive seasons, while between 0 and 6% of breeders skipped one season and 9% of females (but no males) skipped two consecutive seasons. Annual survival averaged 90% for both breeding locations for four seasons (males 93%, females 90%).

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The Little Penguin Eudyptula Minor in Victoria, II: Breeding

Cited by 131 publications

References 16 publications

Contrasting genetic structuring between colonies of the World’s smallest penguin, Eudyptula minor (Aves: Spheniscidae)

Contrasting genetic structuring between colonies of the World’s smallest penguin, Eudyptula minor (Aves: Spheniscidae)

Effects of male call pitch on female behaviour and mate fidelity in little penguins

Survival and breeding of yellow‐eyed penguins(Megadyptes antipodes),at two locations on Otago Peninsula, South Island, New Zealand, 1991–96

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