The lithostratigraphy, biostratigraphy and hydrogeological significance of the mud springs at Templars Firs, Wootton Bassett, Wiltshire

Bristow, Clement; Gale, Ian; Fellman, E.; Cox, B.M.; Wilkinson, Ian P.; Riding, James B.

doi:10.1016/s0016-7878(00)80016-4

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The Lusi eruption also strengthens the concept that rather than the source water and the source mud coexisting in the same stratigraphic unit (mudrocks at 2.0 km depth have strength and not the porosity of 70%-80% required for the Lusi sediment composition), the fluid has a deeper source, and mud is entrained from within the overburden (e.g., Bristow et al, 2000;Deville et al, 2003;Kopf et al, 2003;You et al, 2004). This subterranean mixing model differs from the concept of mud and fluid coexisting (Davies and Stewart, 2005;Stewart and Davies, 2006) and contrasts with models for the subsurface remobilization of sands where coexistence of sand and fluid is the general assumption.…”

Section: Initiation and Subterranean Mixingsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…Mud is cohesive, and in a similar way to the entrainment of mud in sedimentary settings, the shear stress imposed by the adjacent moving water has to overcome the sediment's cohesive yield strength (e.g., Dade et al, 1992;Kranenburg and Winterwerp, 1997) for it to be entrained. Such an entrainment process has been proposed for mud volcanoes in the UK, for instance, where water from an underlying aquifer passes through mud-rich overburden, causing the formation of a subterranean cavern system (Bristow et al, 2000). The same general process has also been proposed by Deville et al (2003) for mud volcanoes in Trinidad.…”

Section: Volcano Initiation Modelmentioning

confidence: 80%

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Birth of a mud volcano: East Java, 29 May 2006

Davies¹,

Swarbrick²,

Evans³

et al. 2007

Gsa Today

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On 29 May 2006, an eruption of steam, water, and, subsequently, mud occurred in eastern Java in a location where none had been previously documented. This "pioneer" mud eruption (the first to occur at this site) appears to have been triggered by drilling of overpressured porous and permeable limestones at depths of ~2830 m below the surface. We propose that the borehole provided a pressure connection between the aquifers in the limestones and overpressured mud in overlying units. As this was not protected by steel casing, the pressure induced hydraulic fracturing, and fractures propagated to the surface, where pore fluid and some entrained sediment started to erupt. Flow rates remain high (7000-150,000 m 3 per day) after 173 days of continuous eruption (at the time of this writing), indicating that the aquifer volume is probably significant. A continued jet of fluid, driven by this aquifer pressure, has caused erosion and entrainment of the overpressured mud. As a result, we predict a caldera will form around the main vent with gentle sag-like subsidence of the region covered by the mud flow and surrounding areas. The eruption demonstrates that mud volcanoes can be initiated by fracture propagation through significant thicknesses of overburden and shows that the mud and fluid need not have previously coexisted, but can be "mixed" within unlithified sedimentary strata.

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Section: Initiation and Subterranean Mixingsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Volcano Initiation Modelmentioning

confidence: 80%

Birth of a mud volcano: East Java, 29 May 2006

Davies¹,

Swarbrick²,

Evans³

et al. 2007

Gsa Today

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“…Some may be comparable in size to the liquefaction features reported by Galli (2000); however, those described here are not transient features induced by individual earthquake events. They bear some similarity to the 'mud springs' of the Wootton Bassett area of southern England (Bristow et al 2000). However, these features Conti et al (2000); 2, Arione (1984); quoted in Conti et al (2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Mud volcanoes of Italy

Martinelli

Judd

2004

Geological Journal

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The locations and information about the sizes of 61 mud volcanoes on the Italian mainland and Sicily, plus an area of mud diapirism in the Italian Adriatic Sea, are presented. Data about the emission products are also provided. The majority of these mud volcanoes are found where thick sedimentary sequences occur within a zone of tectonic compression associated with local plate tectonic activity: the movement of the Adriatic microplate between the converging African and Eurasian plates. The principal gas emitted by these mud volcanoes is methane, which probably originates from deep within the sediments. Other mud volcanoes, associated with igneous volcanism, produce mainly carbon dioxide. The mud diapirs in the Adriatic Sea are thought to form as a result of the mobilization of shallow gassy sediments. It has been shown that radon emissions from mud volcanoes are indicators of forthcoming earthquake events.

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“…These springs do not necessarily contain gas (e.g. Bristow et al, 2000). Dewatering structures like sand volcanoes may also display conical shaped features reaching > 10 m in size.…”

Section: Variantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of sedimentary volcanism on Mars

Brož

Oehler

Mazzini

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Abstract. Extensive fields of sub-kilometre-to kilometre-scale mounds, cones, domes, shields, and flow-like edifices cover large parts of the martian lowlands. These features have been compared to structures on Earth produced by sedimentary volcanism – a process that involves subsurface sediment/fluid mobilization and commonly releases methane to the atmosphere. It was proposed that such process might help to explain the presence of methane in martian atmosphere and also may have additionally produced habitable, subsurface settings of potential astrobiological relevance. However, it remains unclear whether sedimentary volcanism on Earth and Mars share genetic similarities; hence whether methane, or other gases were released on Mars during this process. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about mud-volcano-like structures on Mars, address the critical aspects of this process, identify key open questions, and point to areas where further research is needed to understand this phenomenon and its importance for the red planet’s geological evolution. We show here that after several decades of exploration, the amount of evidence supporting a martian sedimentary volcanism scenario has increased significantly, but as critical ground truth is still lacking, alternative explanations cannot always be ruled out. We also highlight that the lower gravity and temperatures on Mars compared to Earth control the dynamics of clastic eruptions as well as surface emplacement and resulting morphologies of erupted material. This implies that shapes and triggering mechanisms of mud-volcano-like structures may be different from those observed on Earth. Therefore comparative studies should be done with caution. To provide a better understanding of the significance of these abundant features on Mars, we argue for follow-up studies targeting putative sedimentary volcanic features identified on the planet’s surface and, if possible, for in situ investigations by landed missions such as that currently in progress by the Zhurong rover.

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The lithostratigraphy, biostratigraphy and hydrogeological significance of the mud springs at Templars Firs, Wootton Bassett, Wiltshire

Cited by 13 publications

References 13 publications

Birth of a mud volcano: East Java, 29 May 2006

Birth of a mud volcano: East Java, 29 May 2006

Mud volcanoes of Italy

An overview of sedimentary volcanism on Mars

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